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Knowledge graphs represent information as structured triples and serve as the backbone for a wide range of applications, including question answering, link prediction, and recommendation systems. A prominent line of research for exploring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Rita T. Sousa , Heiko Paulheim

Knowledge graph (KG) embedding is widely used in many downstream applications using KGs. Generally, since KGs contain only ground truth triples, it is necessary to construct arbitrary negative samples for representation learning of KGs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Sang-Hyun Je

Knowledge representation learning aims at modeling knowledge graph by encoding entities and relations into a low dimensional space. Most of the traditional works for knowledge embedding need negative sampling to minimize a margin-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Peifeng Wang , Shuangyin Li , Rong pan

Knowledge Graph Embedding models have become an important area of machine learning.Those models provide a latent representation of entities and relations in a knowledge graph which can then be used in downstream machine learning tasks such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Md Rashad Al Hasan Rony , Mirza Mohtashim Alam , Semab Ali , Jens Lehmann , Sahar Vahdati

Negative sampling (NS) is widely used in knowledge graph embedding (KGE), which aims to generate negative triples to make a positive-negative contrast during training. However, existing NS methods are unsuitable when multi-modal information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Yichi Zhang , Mingyang Chen , Wen Zhang

Negative sampling, which samples negative triplets from non-observed ones in knowledge graph (KG), is an essential step in KG embedding. Recently, generative adversarial network (GAN), has been introduced in negative sampling. By sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Yongqi Zhang , Quanming Yao , Lei Chen

Knowledge Graph (KG) embedding is a fundamental problem in data mining research with many real-world applications. It aims to encode the entities and relations in the graph into low dimensional vector space, which can be used for subsequent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Yongqi Zhang , Quanming Yao , Yingxia Shao , Lei Chen

Knowledge graph is a collection of facts, known as triples(head, relation, tail), which are represented in form of a network, where nodes are entities and edges are relations among the respective head and tail entities. Embedding of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-26 Pulak Ranjan Giri , Mori Kurokawa , Kazuhiro Saito

Negative sampling (NS) strategies play a crucial role in knowledge graph representation. In order to overcome the limitations of existing negative sampling strategies, such as vulnerability to false negatives, limited generalization, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Haoning Li , Qinghua Huang

Learning low-dimensional representations for entities and relations in knowledge graphs using contrastive estimation represents a scalable and effective method for inferring connectivity patterns. A crucial aspect of contrastive learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Kian Ahrabian , Aarash Feizi , Yasmin Salehi , William L. Hamilton , Avishek Joey Bose

Many large-scale knowledge graphs are now available and ready to provide semantically structured information that is regarded as an important resource for question answering and decision support tasks. However, they are built on rigid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Jiehang Zeng , Lu Liu , Xiaoqing Zheng

Knowledge graphs are large, useful, but incomplete knowledge repositories. They encode knowledge through entities and relations which define each other through the connective structure of the graph. This has inspired methods for the joint…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-05 Bhushan Kotnis , Vivi Nastase

Knowledge graph embedding (KGE) aims to map entities and relations of a knowledge graph (KG) into a low-dimensional and dense vector space via contrasting the positive and negative triples. In the training process of KGEs, negative sampling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Xiangnan Chen , Wen Zhang , Zhen Yao , Mingyang Chen , Siliang Tang

We introduce KBGAN, an adversarial learning framework to improve the performances of a wide range of existing knowledge graph embedding models. Because knowledge graphs typically only contain positive facts, sampling useful negative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Liwei Cai , William Yang Wang

Knowledge graphs (KGs) have become the core backbone of numerous downstream tasks such as question answering and recommender systems. However, despite all this, KGs are often very incomplete. To perform zero-shot knowledge graph completion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yinan Liu , Wenjin Xu , Zhiyuan Zha , Xiaochun Yang , Bin Wang

Multimodal Knowledge Graph Completion (MMKGC) aims to address the critical issue of missing knowledge in multimodal knowledge graphs (MMKGs) for their better applications. However, both the previous MMGKC and negative sampling (NS)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Guanglin Niu , Xiaowei Zhang

Knowledge graphs (KGs) are typically incomplete and we often wish to infer new facts given the existing ones. This can be thought of as a binary classification problem; we aim to predict if new facts are true or false. Unfortunately, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Ainaz Hajimoradlou , Mehran Kazemi

This paper studies aligning knowledge graphs from different sources or languages. Most existing methods train supervised methods for the alignment, which usually require a large number of aligned knowledge triplets. However, such a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Meng Qu , Jian Tang , Yoshua Bengio

Knowledge graph embedding~(KGE) aims to represent entities and relations into low-dimensional vectors for many real-world applications. The representations of entities and relations are learned via contrasting the positive and negative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Feihu Che , Guohua Yang , Pengpeng Shao , Dawei Zhang , Jianhua Tao

Knowledge Graph Embedding models, representing entities and edges in a low-dimensional space, have been extremely successful at solving tasks related to completing and exploring Knowledge Graphs (KGs). One of the key aspects of training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Alberto Bernardi , Luca Costabello
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