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Demand for blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum is far larger than supply, necessitating a mechanism that selects a subset of transactions to include "on-chain" from the pool of all pending transactions. This paper investigates the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Tim Roughgarden

Roughgarden (2020) initiates the study of Transaction Fee Mechanisms (TFMs), and posits that the on-chain game of a ``good'' TFM should be on-chain simple (OnCS), i.e., incentive compatible for users and the miner. Recent work of Ganesh,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Aadityan Ganesh , Clayton Thomas , S. Matthew Weinberg

With the widespread adoption of blockchain technology, the transaction fee mechanism (TFM) in blockchain systems has become a prominent research topic. An ideal TFM should satisfy user incentive compatibility (UIC), miner incentive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Kun Li , Guangpeng Qi , Guangyong Shang , Wanli Deng , Minghui Xu , Xiuzhen Cheng

The recently proposed Transaction Fee Mechanism (TFM) literature studies the strategic interaction between the miner of a block and the transaction creators (or users) in a blockchain. In a TFM, the miner includes transactions that maximize…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Sankarshan Damle , Varul Srivastava , Sujit Gujar

In blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, users compete in a transaction fee auction to get their transactions confirmed in the next block. A line of recent works set forth the desiderata for a "dream" transaction fee mechanism (TFM),…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Hao Chung , Elaine Shi

Transaction fees represent a major incentive in many blockchain systems as a way to incentivize processing transactions. Unfortunately, they also introduce an enormous amount of incentive asymmetry compared to alternatives like fixed block…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Michael Tang , Alex Zhang

Transaction fee mechanism design is a new decentralized mechanism design problem where users bid for space on the blockchain. Several recent works showed that the transaction fee mechanism design fundamentally departs from classical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Ke Wu , Elaine Shi , Hao Chung

In blockchain systems, the design of transaction fee mechanisms is essential for stability and satisfaction for both miners and users. A recent work has proven the impossibility of collusion-proof mechanisms that achieve both non-zero miner…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Xi Chen , David Simchi-Levi , Zishuo Zhao , Yuan Zhou

Cryptocurrencies employ auction-esque transaction fee mechanisms (TFMs) to allocate transactions to blocks, and to determine how much fees miners can collect from transactions. Several impossibility results show that TFMs that satisfy a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Yotam Gafni , Aviv Yaish

A transaction fee mechanism (TFM) is an essential component of a blockchain protocol. However, a systematic evaluation of the real-world impact of TFMs is still absent. Using rich data from the Ethereum blockchain, the mempool, and…

General Economics · Economics 2025-08-11 Yulin Liu , Yuxuan Lu , Kartik Nayak , Fan Zhang , Luyao Zhang , Yinhong Zhao

Users bid in a transaction fee mechanism (TFM) to get their transactions included and confirmed by a blockchain protocol. Roughgarden (EC'21) initiated the formal treatment of TFMs and proposed three requirements: user incentive…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Hao Chung , Tim Roughgarden , Elaine Shi

We study a mechanism design problem in the blockchain proof-of-stake (PoS) protocol. Our main objective is to extend the transaction fee mechanism (TFM) recently proposed in Chung and Shi (SODA, p.3856-3899, 2023), so as to incorporate a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Wenpin Tang , David D. Yao

Blockchain-based cryptocurrencies prioritize transactions based on their fees, creating a unique kind of fee market. Empirically, this market has failed to yield stable equilibria with predictable prices for desired levels of service. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Soumya Basu , David Easley , Maureen O'Hara , Emin Gün Sirer

To allocate transactions to blocks, cryptocurrencies use an auction-like transaction fee mechanism (TFM). A conjecture of Roughgarden [44] asks whether there is a TFM that is incentive compatible for both the users and the miner, and is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Yotam Gafni , Aviv Yaish

In 2021 Ethereum adjusted the transaction pricing mechanism by implementing EIP-1559, which introduces the base fee - a network fee that is burned and dynamically adjusts to the network demand. The authors of the Ethereum Improvement…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Sarah Azouvi , Guy Goren , Lioba Heimbach , Alexander Hicks

Recent works of Roughgarden (EC'21) and Chung and Shi (SODA'23) initiate the study of a new decentralized mechanism design problem called transaction fee mechanism design (TFM). Unlike the classical mechanism design literature, in the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Elaine Shi , Hao Chung , Ke Wu

Blockchain systems come with the promise of being inclusive for a variety of decentralized applications (DApps) that can serve different purposes and have different urgency requirements. Despite this, the transaction fee mechanisms…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Aggelos Kiayias , Elias Koutsoupias , Philip Lazos , Giorgos Panagiotakos

EIP-1559 is a proposal to make several tightly coupled additions to Ethereum's transaction fee mechanism, including variable-size blocks and a burned base fee that rises and falls with demand. This report assesses the game-theoretic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Tim Roughgarden

Transaction Fee Mechanisms (TFMs) study auction design in the Blockchain context, and emphasize robustness against miner and user collusion, moreso than traditional auction theory. \cite{chung2023foundations} introduce the notion of a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yotam Gafni

Participation in permissionless blockchains results in competition over system resources, which needs to be controlled with fees. Ethereum's current fee mechanism is implemented via a first-price auction that results in unpredictable fees…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Stefanos Leonardos , Barnabé Monnot , Daniël Reijsbergen , Stratis Skoulakis , Georgios Piliouras
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