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The advent of instruction-tuned Large Language Models designed for coding tasks (Code LLMs) has transformed software engineering practices. However, their robustness against various input challenges remains a critical concern. This study…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Md Imran Hossen , Xiali Hei

Large Language Models (LLMs) are showing remarkable performance in generating source code, yet the generated code often has issues like compilation errors or incorrect code. Researchers and developers often face wasted effort in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ravin Ravi , Dylan Bradshaw , Stefano Ruberto , Gunel Jahangirova , Valerio Terragni

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various reasoning-intensive tasks. However, these models exhibit unexpected brittleness, often failing on simple variations of the same underlying task. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yutao Hou , Zeguan Xiao , Fei Yu , Yihan Jiang , Ma Shuguang , Zhaoqian Dai , Hailiang Huang , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

Large language models (LLMs) now write code in settings where misreading a single word can break safety or cost money, yet we still expect them to overlook stray typos. To probe where useful robustness ends and harmful insensitivity begins,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Altynbek Ismailov , Salia Asanova

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) are safety-critical, where failures can be severe. While Metamorphic Testing (MT) is effective for fault detection in ADS, existing methods rely heavily on manual effort and lack automation. We present…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Linfeng Liang , Chenkai Tan , Yao Deng , Yingfeng Cai , T. Y Chen , Xi Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) have become essential tools in software development, widely used for requirements engineering, code generation and review tasks. Software engineers often rely on LLMs to verify if code implementation satisfy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haolin Jin , Huaming Chen

The significant advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have resulted in their widespread adoption across various tasks within Software Engineering (SE), including vulnerability detection and repair. Numerous studies have investigated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Xin Zhou , Sicong Cao , Xiaobing Sun , David Lo

The widespread adoption of web applications has made their security a critical concern and has increased the need for systematic ways to assess whether they can be considered trustworthy. However, "trust" assessment remains an open problem…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Oleksandr Yarotskyi , José D'Abruzzo Pereira , João R. Campos

With the rapid development and large-scale popularity of program software, modern society increasingly relies on software systems. However, the problems exposed by software have also come to the fore. Software defect has become an important…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Kai Huang , Zhengzi Xu , Su Yang , Hongyu Sun , Xuejun Li , Zheng Yan , Yuqing Zhang

A key challenge in security analysis is the manual evaluation of potential security weaknesses generated by static application security testing (SAST) tools. Numerous false positives (FPs) in these reports reduce the effectiveness of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Jonas Wagner , Simon Müller , Christian Näther , Jan-Philipp Steghöfer , Andreas Both

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been used to generate mutants in both research work and in industrial practice. However, there has been no comprehensive empirical study of their performance for this increasingly important…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Bo Wang , Mingda Chen , Ming Deng , Youfang Lin , Mark Harman , Mike Papadakis , Jie M. Zhang

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-and particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) for code-has reshaped Software Engineering (SE) by enabling the automation of tasks such as code generation, bug detection, and repair. However, these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Saima Afrin , Md Zahidul Haque , Antonio Mastropaolo

Background: Automated Vulnerability Repair (AVR) is a fast-growing branch of program repair. Recent studies show that large language models (LLMs) outperform traditional techniques, extending their success beyond code generation and fault…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Maria Camporese , Fabio Massacci

The rapid advancement of large language models has opened new avenues for automating complex problem-solving tasks such as algorithmic coding and competitive programming. This paper introduces a novel evaluation technique, LLM-ProS, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Md Sifat Hossain , Anika Tabassum , Md. Fahim Arefin , Tarannum Shaila Zaman

Automated Program Repair (APR) has advanced rapidly with Large Language Models (LLMs), but most existing methods remain computationally expensive, and focused on a small set of languages. Ruby, despite its widespread use in web development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Nikta Akbarpour , Mahdieh Sadat Benis , Fatemeh Hendijani Fard , Ali Ouni , Mohamed Aymen Saied

Fault Localization (FL) aims to automatically localize buggy lines of code, a key first step in many manual and automatic debugging tasks. Previous FL techniques assume the provision of input tests, and often require extensive program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Aidan Z. H. Yang , Ruben Martins , Claire Le Goues , Vincent J. Hellendoorn

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly vulnerable to input perturbations, as even a small prompt change may result in a substantially different output. Existing methods to enhance LLM robustness are primarily focused on perturbed data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Aryan Agrawal , Lisa Alazraki , Shahin Honarvar , Marek Rei

Going beyond mimicking limited human experiences, recent studies show initial evidence that, like humans, large language models (LLMs) are capable of improving their abilities purely by self-correction, i.e., correcting previous responses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yifei Wang , Yuyang Wu , Zeming Wei , Stefanie Jegelka , Yisen Wang

API misuses often lead to software bugs, crashes, and vulnerabilities. While several API misuse detectors have been proposed, there are no automatic repair tools specifically designed for this purpose. In a recent study, test-suite-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Ting Zhang , Ivana Clairine Irsan , Ferdian Thung , David Lo , Asankhaya Sharma , Lingxiao Jiang

Formal verification via theorem proving enables the expressive specification and rigorous proof of software correctness, but it is difficult to scale due to the significant manual effort and expertise required. While Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Minghai Lu , Zhe Zhou , Danning Xie , Songlin Jia , Benjamin Delaware , Tianyi Zhang