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Mega-constellations of small-size Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are currently planned and deployed by various private and public entities. While global connectivity is the main rationale, these constellations also offer the potential to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-29 Nasrin Razmi , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski

The low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite network with mega-constellations can provide global coverage while supporting the high-data rates. The coverage performance of such a network is highly dependent on orbit geometry parameters, including…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Junse Lee , Song Noh , Sooyeob Jeong , Namyoon Lee

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet of Things (IoT) has been identified as one of the important components of the sixth-generation (6G) non-terrestrial networks (NTN) to provide ubiquitous connectivity. Due to the low orbit altitude…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ming Ying , Xiaoming Chen , Qiao Qi , Zhaoyang Zhang

In the ambitious realm of space AI, the integration of federated learning (FL) with low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations holds immense promise. However, many challenges persist in terms of feasibility, learning efficiency, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Mohamed Elmahallawy , Tie Luo

Low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems that use millimeter-wave frequencies rely on large antenna arrays with hybrid analog-digital architectures for rapid beam steering. LEO satellites are only visible from the ground for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-03 Anders Malthe Westerkam , Amélia Struyf , Dimitri Lederer , Troels Pedersen , François Quitin

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations play a pivotal role in sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks by providing global coverage, massive connections, and huge capacity. In this paper, we present a novel LEO satellite…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Wenfei Yao , Xiaoming Chen , Qi Wang , Xingyu Peng

Effective Edge AI for space object detection (SOD) tasks that can facilitate real-time collision assessment and avoidance is essential with the increasing space assets in near-Earth orbits. In SOD, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites must…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Wenxuan Zhang , Peng Hu

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are being considered for expanding legacy terrestrial cellular networks. The end users may not be able to optimize satellite orbits and constellations, however, they can optimize locations of ground stations…

Space Physics · Physics 2019-10-25 Iestyn Morgan-Jones , Pavel Loskot

With the rapid expansion of low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, thousands of satellites are now in operation, many equipped with onboard GNSS receivers capable of continuous orbit determination and time synchronization. This development…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-14 Xing Liu , Xue Xian Zheng , José A. López-Salcedo , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Gonzalo Seco-Granados

Reaching all regions of Earth, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites can harvest delay-tolerant data from remotely located users on Earth without ground infrastructure. This work aims to assess a data harvest network architecture where users…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Chang-Sik Choi

Providing truly ubiquitous connectivity requires development of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet, whose theoretical study is lagging behind network-specific simulations. In this paper, we derive analytical expressions for the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-26 Niloofar Okati , Taneli Riihonen

Marine Internet of Things (IoT) systems have grown substantially with the development of non-terrestrial networks (NTN) via aerial and space vehicles in the upcoming sixth-generation (6G), thereby assisting environment protection, military…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-11 Sooyeob Jung , Seongah Jeong , Jinkyu Kang , Joonhyuk Kang

Multi orbit low earth orbit (LEO) satellites communication is envisioned as a key infrastructure to deliver global coverage, enabling future services from space air ground integrated networks.However, the optimized design of LEO which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Yingzhuo Sun , Yulan Gao , Ming Xiao , Zhu Han , Octavia A. Dobre

Low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellation satellite networks have shown great potential to extend the coverage capability of conventional terrestrial networks. How to systematically define, quantify, and assess the technical performance of…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Yu Wang , Chuili Kong , Xian Meng , Hejia Luo , Ke-Xin Li , Jun Wang

Interest in the use of the low earth orbit (LEO) in space - from $160 \text{ km}$ to $2000 \text{ km}$ - has skyrocketed; this is evident by the fact that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has partnered with various…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Don-Roberts Emenonye , Harpreet S. Dhillon , R. Michael Buehrer

The advancements of remote sensing (RS) pose increasingly high demands on computation and transmission resources. Conventional ground-offloading techniques, which transmit large amounts of raw data to the ground, suffer from poor…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Jiaqi Cao , Shengli Zhang , Qingxia Chen , Houtian Wang , Mingzhe Wang , Naijin Liu

Nowadays, the increasing deployment of edge clouds globally provides users with low-latency services. However, connecting an edge cloud to a core cloud via optic cables in terrestrial networks poses significant barriers due to the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhiyuan Zhao , Zhe Chen , Zheng Lin , Wenjun Zhu , Kun Qiu , Chaoqun You , Yue Gao

Object detection is one of the fundamental objectives in Applied Computer Vision. In some of the applications, object detection becomes very challenging such as in the case of satellite image processing. Satellite image processing has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Arsalan Tahir , Muhammad Adil , Arslan Ali

Non-terrestrial networks (NTN), particularly low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks, have emerged as a promising solution to overcome the limitations of traditional terrestrial networks in the context of next-generation (6G) wireless…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-09 Yanwu Lu , Howard Yang , Nikolaos Pappas , Giovanni Geraci , Chuan Ma , Tony Q. S. Quek

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are becoming a cornerstone of next-generation satellite networks, enabling worldwide high-precision navigation and high-quality remote sensing. This paper proposes a novel dual-function LEO…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Qi Wang , Xiaoming Chen , Qiao Qi , Zhaolin Wang , Yuanwei Liu