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This paper conducts a comprehensive layer-wise analysis of self-supervised learning (SSL) models for audio deepfake detection across diverse contexts, including multilingual datasets (English, Chinese, Spanish), partial, song, and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-10 Yassine El Kheir , Youness Samih , Suraj Maharjan , Tim Polzehl , Sebastian Möller

With the rapid development of speech synthesis and voice conversion technologies, Audio Deepfake has become a serious threat to the Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) system. Numerous countermeasures are proposed to detect this type of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-11 Yinlin Guo , Haofan Huang , Xi Chen , He Zhao , Yuehai Wang

Now-a-days, speech-based biometric systems such as automatic speaker verification (ASV) are highly prone to spoofing attacks by an imposture. With recent development in various voice conversion (VC) and speech synthesis (SS) algorithms,…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Dipjyoti Paul , Monisankha Pal , Goutam Saha

In this paper, we propose a deep neural network approach for deepfake speech detection (DSD) based on a lowcomplexity Depthwise-Inception Network (DIN) trained with a contrastive training strategy (CTS). In this framework, input audio…

Recent text-to-speech (TTS) developments have made voice cloning (VC) more realistic, affordable, and easily accessible. This has given rise to many potential abuses of this technology, including Joe Biden's New Hampshire deepfake robocall.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-29 Hashim Ali , Surya Subramani , Hafiz Malik

ASV (automatic speaker verification) systems are intrinsically required to reject both non-target (e.g., voice uttered by different speaker) and spoofed (e.g., synthesised or converted) inputs. However, there is little consideration for how…

Finding synthetic artifacts of spoofing data will help the anti-spoofing countermeasures (CMs) system discriminate between spoofed and real speech. The Conformer combines the best of convolutional neural network and the Transformer,…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yikang Wang , Hiromitsu Nishizaki , Ming Li

The performance of automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems could be degraded by voice spoofing attacks. Most existing works aimed to develop standalone spoofing countermeasure (CM) systems. Relatively little work targeted at developing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-05 You Zhang , Ge Zhu , Zhiyao Duan

Audio anti-spoofing systems are typically formulated as binary classifiers distinguishing bona fide from spoofed speech. This assumption fails under layered generative processing, where benign transformations introduce distributional shifts…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Shree Harsha Bokkahalli Satish , Harm Lameris , Joakim Gustafson , Éva Székely

Learning a good speaker embedding is important for many automatic speaker recognition tasks, including verification, identification and diarization. The embeddings learned by softmax are not discriminative enough for open-set verification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Zhiyong Chen , Zongze Ren , Shugong Xu

The growing prevalence of speech deepfakes has raised serious concerns, particularly in real-world scenarios such as telephone fraud and identity theft. While many anti-spoofing systems have demonstrated promising performance on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Tong Zhang , Yihuan Huang , Yanzhen Ren

The speech representations learned from large-scale unlabeled data have shown better generalizability than those from supervised learning and thus attract a lot of interest to be applied for various downstream tasks. In this paper, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Zhengyang Chen , Sanyuan Chen , Yu Wu , Yao Qian , Chengyi Wang , Shujie Liu , Yanmin Qian , Michael Zeng

The countermeasure (CM) model is developed to protect ASV systems from spoof attacks and prevent resulting personal information leakage in Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) system. Based on practicality and security considerations, the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Yen-Lun Liao , Xuanjun Chen , Chung-Che Wang , Jyh-Shing Roger Jang

In this article we propose a novel approach for adapting speaker embeddings to new domains based on adversarial training of neural networks. We apply our embeddings to the task of text-independent speaker verification, a challenging,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-08 Gautam Bhattacharya , Jahangir Alam , Patrick Kenny

This paper introduces SpoofCeleb, a dataset designed for Speech Deepfake Detection (SDD) and Spoofing-robust Automatic Speaker Verification (SASV), utilizing source data from real-world conditions and spoofing attacks generated by…

Logical Access (LA) attacks, also known as audio deepfake attacks, use Text-to-Speech (TTS) or Voice Conversion (VC) methods to generate spoofed speech data. This can represent a serious threat to Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV)…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Anacin , Angela , Shruti Kshirsagar , Anderson R. Avila

A great deal of recent research effort on speech spoofing countermeasures has been invested into back-end neural networks and training criteria. We contribute to this effort with a comparative perspective in this study. Our comparison of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-15 Xin Wang , Junich Yamagishi

We address the challenge of detecting synthesized speech under distribution shifts -- arising from unseen synthesis methods, speakers, languages, or audio conditions -- relative to the training data. Few-shot learning methods are a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-20 Ashi Garg , Zexin Cai , Henry Li Xinyuan , Leibny Paola García-Perera , Kevin Duh , Sanjeev Khudanpur , Matthew Wiesner , Nicholas Andrews

With rapid advances in audio-visual generative models, reliable forgery detection becomes increasingly critical. Existing methods for audio-visual deepfake detection typically rely on cross-modal inconsistencies. In singing, rhythmic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ke Liu , Jiwei Wei , Wenyu Zhang , Shuchang Zhou , Ruikun Chai , Yutao Dai , Chaoning Zhang , Yang Yang

Automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems are often affected by spoofing attacks. Recent transformer-based models have improved anti-spoofing performance by learning strong feature representations. However, these models usually need high…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-14 Yang Xiao , Ting Dang , Rohan Kumar Das