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Large-scale biobanks are being collected around the world in efforts to better understand human health and risk factors for disease. They often survey hundreds of thousands of individuals, combining questionnaires with clinical, genetic,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-03-19 Qifan Yang , Gennady V. Roshchupkin , Wiro J. Niessen , Sarah E. Medland , Alyssa H. Zhu , Paul M. Thompson , Neda Jahanshad

We present algorithms for diffusion model sampling which obtain $\delta$-error in $\mathrm{polylog}(1/\delta)$ steps, given access to $\widetilde O(\delta)$-accurate score estimates in $L^2$. This is an exponential improvement over all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Fan Chen , Sinho Chewi , Constantinos Daskalakis , Alexander Rakhlin

Diffusion language models (DLMs) promise parallel, order-agnostic generation, but on standard benchmarks they have historically lagged behind autoregressive models in sample quality and diversity. Recent continuous flow and diffusion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Georgios Batzolis , Mark Girolami , Luca Ambrogioni

The Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is a growing statistical technique widely applied to regression problems. In essence, ELMs are single-layer neural networks where the hidden layer weights are randomly sampled from a specific distribution,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-31 Daniela De Canditiis , Fabiano Veglianti

Reverse sampling and score-distillation have emerged as main workhorses in recent years for image manipulation using latent diffusion models (LDMs). While reverse diffusion sampling often requires adjustments of LDM architecture or feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jeongsol Kim , Geon Yeong Park , Jong Chul Ye

Measurement error in count data is common but underexplored in the literature, particularly in contexts where observed scores are bounded and arise from discrete scoring processes. Motivated by applications in oral reading fluency…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-26 Yuqiu Yang , Christina Vu , Cornelis J. Potgieter , Xinlei Wang , Akihito Kamata

Multilayer Extreme Learning Machine (ML-ELM) and its variants have proven to be an effective technique for the classification of different natural signals such as audio, video, acoustic and images. In this paper, a Hybrid Multilayer Extreme…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Rolando A. Hernandez-Hernandez , Adrian Rubio-Solis

Classification has been a major task for building intelligent systems as it enables decision-making under uncertainty. Classifier design aims at building models from training data for representing feature-label distributions--either…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-31 Omar Maddouri , Xiaoning Qian , Francis J. Alexander , Edward R. Dougherty , Byung-Jun Yoon

In the field of data mining and machine learning, commonly used classification models cannot effectively learn in unbalanced data. In order to balance the data distribution before model training, oversampling methods are often used to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Ming Zheng , Yang Yang , Zhi-Hang Zhao , Shan-Chao Gan , Yang Chen , Si-Kai Ni , Yang Lu

In this paper, we present the Directly Denoising Diffusion Model (DDDM): a simple and generic approach for generating realistic images with few-step sampling, while multistep sampling is still preserved for better performance. DDDMs require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Dan Zhang , Jingjing Wang , Feng Luo

Language models based on discrete diffusion have attracted widespread interest for their potential to provide faster generation than autoregressive models. Despite their promise, these models typically produce samples whose quality sharply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Chanhyuk Lee , Jaehoon Yoo , Manan Agarwal , Sheel Shah , Jerry Huang , Aditi Raghunathan , Seunghoon Hong , Nicholas M. Boffi , Jinwoo Kim

We present the first framework to solve linear inverse problems leveraging pre-trained latent diffusion models. Previously proposed algorithms (such as DPS and DDRM) only apply to pixel-space diffusion models. We theoretically analyze our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Litu Rout , Negin Raoof , Giannis Daras , Constantine Caramanis , Alexandros G. Dimakis , Sanjay Shakkottai

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) are widely adopted for their outstanding generative fidelity, yet their sampling is computationally demanding. Polynomial-based multistep samplers mitigate this cost by accelerating inference; however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Soochul Park , Yeon Ju Lee , SeongJin Yoon , Jiyub Shin , Juhee Lee , Seongwoon Jo

Despite remarkable progress in autoregressive language models, alternative generative paradigms beyond left-to-right generation are still being actively explored. Discrete diffusion models, with the capacity for parallel generation, have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Minkai Xu , Tomas Geffner , Karsten Kreis , Weili Nie , Yilun Xu , Jure Leskovec , Stefano Ermon , Arash Vahdat

We introduce estimation and test procedures through divergence minimization for models satisfying linear constraints with unknown parameter. Several statistical examples and motivations are given. These procedures extend the empirical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-11-24 Michel Broniatowski , Amor Keziou

The rare-event sampling problem has long been the central limiting factor in molecular dynamics (MD), especially in biomolecular simulation. Recently, diffusion models such as BioEmu have emerged as powerful equilibrium samplers that…

Sampling from score-based diffusion models incurs bias due to both time discretisation and the approximation of the score function. A common strategy for reducing this bias is to apply corrector steps based on the unadjusted Langevin…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Kevin H. Lam , Tyler Farghly , Christopher Williams , Jun Yang , Yee Whye Teh , Arnaud Doucet

Beyond estimating parameters of interest from data, one of the key goals of statistical inference is to properly quantify uncertainty in these estimates. In Bayesian inference, this uncertainty is provided by the posterior distribution, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Daniela de Albuquerque , John Pearson

Recent masked diffusion models (MDMs) have shown competitive performance compared to autoregressive models (ARMs) for language modeling. While most literature has focused on performance enhancing sampling procedures, efficient sampling from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Heli Ben-Hamu , Itai Gat , Daniel Severo , Niklas Nolte , Brian Karrer

Speculative sampling reduces the latency of autoregressive decoding for target model LLMs without sacrificing inference quality, by using a cheap draft model to suggest a candidate token and a verification criterion to accept or resample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Rahul Krishna Thomas , Arka Pal