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Cosmic ray muon has strong penetrating power and no ionizing radiation hazards, which makes it an ideal probe for detecting special nuclear materials. In this paper, a high spatial resolution muon tomography system based on Micromegas…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-02-16 Yu Wang , Zhiyong Zhang , Shubin Liu , Zhongtao Shen , Changqing Feng , Jianguo Liu , Yulin Liu

Cosmic ray muons enable non-invasive imaging of dense structures through multipleCoulomb scattering (MCS), with scattering angles dependent on atomic number (Z). Traditional algorithms like Point of Closest Approach (PoCA) assume single…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Reshma Ughade , Stylianos Chatzidakis

Cosmic ray muon, as they pass through a material, undergoes Multiple Coulomb Scattering (MCS). The analysis of muon scattering angle in a material provides us with an opportunity to study the characteristics of material and its internal 3D…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-02-02 Bharat Kumar Sirasva , Satyajit Jena , Rohit Gupta

Cosmic-ray muons which impinge upon the Earth's surface can be used to image the density of geological and man-made materials located above a muon detector. The detectors used for these measurements must be capable of determining the muon…

High-energy muons generated from cosmic-ray particle showers have been shown to exhibit properties ideal for imaging the interior of large structures. This paper explores the possibility of using a single portable muon detector in…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-05-06 K. Boniface , V. N. P. Anghel , A. Erlandson , G. Jonkmans , M. Thompson , S. Livingstone

This work presents a generalized muon trajectory estimation (GMTE) algorithm to estimate the path of a muon in either uniform or nonuniform media. The use of cosmic ray muons in nuclear nonproliferation and safeguards verification…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-04-18 Stylianos Chatzidakis , Zhengzhi Liu , Jason P. Hayward , John M. Scaglione

Muon imaging, a non-invasive technique that utilizes naturally occurring cosmic muons, has emerged as a promising tool for exploring underwater objects, including shipwrecks. This study investigates the potential of muon radiography to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-09 Anzori Sh. Georgadze

This paper explores the use of cosmic ray muons to image the contents of shielded containers and detect high-Z special nuclear materials inside them. Cosmic ray muons are a naturally occurring form of radiation, are highly penetrating and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-10-09 G. Jonkmans , V. N. P. Anghel , C. Jewett , M. Thompson

A high-statistics determination of the differential cross section of elastic muon-electron scattering as a function of the transferred four-momentum squared, $d \sigma_{el}(\mu e \to \mu e)/dq^2$, has been argued to provide an effective…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-02-25 Tommaso Dorigo

Muon radiography is an innovative and non-destructive technique for internal density structure imaging, based on measuring the attenuation of cosmic-ray muons after they penetrate the target. Due to the strong penetration ability of muons,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-07-19 Xin Mao , Zhiwei Li , Shuning Dong , Jingtai Li , Jianming Zhang , Jie Pang , Yaping Cheng , Bin Liao , Xiaoping Ouyang , Ran Han

Muon tomography is a non-destructive imaging technique that exploits cosmic-ray muons from multiple directions. Its performance critically depends on the stability, active-area coverage, and spatial resolution of position-sensitive…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-12-02 Yiyue Li , Huiling Li , Hui Liang , Cong Liu , Chenghan Lv , Hongbo Wang , Weiwei Xu

Imaging the inner part of large geological targets is an important issue in geosciences with various applications. Dif- ferent approaches already exist (e.g. gravimetry, electrical tomography) that give access to a wide range of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-02-01 J. Marteau , D. Gibert , N. Lesparre , F. Nicollin , P. Noli , F. Giacoppo

Cosmic ray muons have emerged as a non-conventional high-energy radiation probe to monitor dense and large objects. Muons are the most abundant cosmic radiation on Earth, however, their flux at sea level is approximately 10,000 min^-1m^-2…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Junghyun Bae , Stylianos Chatzidakis

Muon scattering tomography utilises muons, typically originating from cosmic rays to image the interiors of dense objects. However, due to the low flux of cosmic ray muons at sea-level and the highly complex interactions that muons display…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Li Xin Jed Lim , Ziming Qiu

A feasibility demonstration of three-dimensional (3D) muon tomography was performed for infrastructure equivalent targets using the proposed portable muography detector. For the target, we used two sets of lead blocks placed at different…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-01-19 Kullapha Chaiwongkhot , Tadahiro Kin , Yuta Nagata , Tomohiro Komori , Naoya Okamoto , Hamid Basiri

Tomographic imaging techniques using the Coulomb scattering of cosmic-ray muons are increasingly being exploited for the non-destructive assay of shielded containers in a wide range of applications. One such application is the…

Muography (or muon radiography) is an imaging technique that relies on the use of cosmogenic muons as a free and safe radiation source. It can be applied in various fields such as archaeology, civil engineering, geology, nuclear reactor…

Cosmic-ray muon sources exhibit distinct scattering angle distributions when interacting with materials of different atomic numbers (Z values), facilitating the identification of various Z-class materials, particularly those radioactive…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-04-18 Haochen Wang , Zhao Zhang , Pei Yu , Yuxin Bao , Jiajia Zhai , Yu Xu , Li Deng , Sa Xiao , Xueheng Zhang , Yuhong Yu , Weibo He , Liangwen Chen , Yu Zhang , Lei Yang , Zhiyu Sun

Cosmic ray muons present a large part of the radiation background and depending on the application of interest muons can be seen as background noise, e.g., radiation mapping, radiation protection, dosimetry, or as a useful interrogation…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-01-10 Junghyun Bae , Stylianos Chatzidakis

As the multidisciplinary applications of cosmic-ray muons expand to large-scale and wide-area scenarios, the construction of cosmic-ray muon detector arrays has become a key solution to overcome the hardware limitations of individual…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-04-02 Yunsong Ning , Yi Yuan , Tao Yu , Hongyu Chen , Chengyan Xie , Hui Jiang , Hesheng Liu , Guihao Lu , Mingchen Sun , Yu Chen , Jian Tang