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This paper presents the benchmark score definitions of QPack, an application-oriented cross-platform benchmarking suite for quantum computers and simulators, which makes use of scalable Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Huub Donkers , Koen Mesman , Zaid Al-Ars , Matthias Möller

Recent advances in quantum computers and simulators are steadily leading us towards full-scale quantum computing devices. Due to the fact that debugging is necessary to create any computing device, quantum tomography (QT) is a critical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-12 B. I. Bantysh , A. Yu. Chernyavskiy , Yu. I. Bogdanov

Randomized benchmarking is a widely used experimental technique to characterize the average error of quantum operations. Benchmarking procedures that scale to enable characterization of $n$-qubit circuits rely on efficient procedures for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-20 Andrew W. Cross , Easwar Magesan , Lev S. Bishop , John A. Smolin , Jay M. Gambetta

Quantum computers are appealing for their ability to solve some tasks much faster than their classical counterparts. It was shown in [Aspuru-Guzik et al., Science 309, 1704 (2005)] that they, if available, would be able to perform the full…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-19 Libor Veis , Jiří Pittner

Evaluating the performance of quantum devices is an important step towards scaling quantum devices and eventually using them in practice. The great number of available quantum metrics and the different hardware technologies used to develop…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 Ward van der Schoot , Robert Wezeman , Niels M. P. Neumann , Frank Phillipson , Rob Kooij

We establish fundamental and general techniques for formal verification of quantum protocols. Quantum protocols are novel communication schemes involving the use of quantum-mechanical phenomena for representation, storage and transmission…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Simon Gay , Rajagopal Nagarajan , Nikolaos Papanikolaou

Reconstructing the state of a complex quantum system represents a pivotal task for all quantum information applications, both for characterization purposes and for verification of quantum protocols. Recent technological developments have…

Application-based benchmarks are increasingly used to quantify and compare quantum computers' performance. However, because contemporary quantum computers cannot run utility-scale computations, these benchmarks currently test this…

Quantum measurements with feed-forward are crucial components of fault-tolerant quantum computers. We show how the error rate of such a measurement can be directly estimated by fitting the probability that successive randomly compiled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Darian McLaren , Matthew A. Graydon , Ali Assem Mahmoud , Joel J. Wallman

As the variety of commercially available quantum computers continues to increase so does the need for tools that can characterize, verify and validate these computers. This work explores using quantum state tomography for characterizing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-06 Adrien Suau , Marc Vuffray , Andrey Y. Lokhov , Lukasz Cincio , Carleton Coffrin

Quantum computers are on the brink of surpassing the capabilities of even the most powerful classical computers. This naturally raises the question of how one can trust the results of a quantum computer when they cannot be compared to…

Existing protocols for benchmarking current quantum co-processors fail to meet the usual standards for assessing the performance of High-Performance-Computing platforms. After a synthetic review of these protocols -- whether at the gate,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-27 Simon Martiel , Thomas Ayral , Cyril Allouche

Properties of Shor's algorithm and the related period-finding algorithm could serve as benchmarks for the operation of a quantum computer. Distinctive universal behaviour is expected for the probability for success of the period-finding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 E. D. Davis

Benchmarking the performance of quantum optimization algorithms is crucial for identifying utility for industry-relevant use cases. Benchmarking processes vary between optimization applications and depend on user-specified goals. The…

Realisation of experiments even on small and medium-scale quantum computers requires an optimisation of several parameters to achieve high-fidelity operations. As the size of the quantum register increases, the characterisation of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-11 F. Martínez-García , D. Vodola , M. Müller

We consider statistical methods based on finite samples of locally randomized measurements in order to certify different degrees of multiparticle entanglement in intermediate-scale quantum systems. We first introduce hierarchies of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Andreas Ketterer , Satoya Imai , Nikolai Wyderka , Otfried Gühne

Quantum tomography is an important tool for obtaining information about the quantum state from experimental data. In this study, we conduct a comparative analysis of various quantum tomography protocols, including protocols based on highly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-11 Yu. I. Bogdanov , B. I. Bantysh , N. A. Bogdanova , K. B. Koksharov , V. F. Lukichev

As far as we know, a useful quantum computer will require fault-tolerant gates, and existing schemes demand a prohibitively large space and time overhead. We argue that a first generation quantum computer will be very valuable to design,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-15 Pavithran S. Iyer , David Poulin

Postselected quantum computation is distinguished from regular quantum computation by accepting the output only if measurement outcomes satisfy predetermined conditions. The output must be accepted with nonzero probability. Methods for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Knill

Analog quantum simulation allows for assessing static and dynamical properties of strongly correlated quantum systems to high precision. To perform simulations outside the reach of classical computers, accurate and reliable implementations…

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