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We study the use of triorthogonal codes for universal fault-tolerant quantum computation and propose two methods to circumvent the Eastin-Knill theorem, which prohibits any single quantum error-correcting code from supporting both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 Dawei Jiao , Mahdi Bayanifar , Alexei Ashikhmin , Olav Tirkkonen

Error correction has long been suggested to extend the sensitivity of quantum sensors into the Heisenberg Limit. However, operations on logical qubits are only performed through universal gate sets consisting of finite-sized gates such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-05 Cameron Cianci

We say that collection of $n$-qudit gates is universal if there exists $N_0\geq n$ such that for every $N\geq N_0$ every $N$-qudit unitary operation can be approximated with arbitrary precision by a circuit built from gates of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gabor Ivanyos

The hopes for scalable quantum computing rely on the "threshold theorem": once the error per qubit per gate is below a certain value, the methods of quantum error correction allow indefinitely long quantum computations. The proof is based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-17 M. I. Dyakonov

We consider the problem of deciding if a set of quantum one-qudit gates $\mathcal{S}=\{U_1,\ldots,U_n\}$ is universal. We provide the compact form criteria leading to a simple algorithm that allows deciding universality of any given set of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-09 Adam Sawicki , Katarzyna Karnas

A fundamental question in the theory of quantum computation is to understand the ultimate space-time resource costs for performing a universal set of logical quantum gates to arbitrary precision. Here we demonstrate that non-Abelian anyons…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-11 Guanyu Zhu , Ali Lavasani , Maissam Barkeshli

Quantum error correction and symmetries play central roles in quantum information science and physics. It is known that quantum error-correcting codes that obey (are covariant with respect to) continuous symmetries in a certain sense cannot…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-27 Linghang Kong , Zi-Wen Liu

Quantum error-correcting codes are essential to the implementation of fault-tolerant quantum computation. Homological products of classical codes offer a versatile framework for constructing quantum error-correcting codes with desirable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Esther Xiaozhen Fu , Han Zheng , Zimu Li , Zi-Wen Liu

An interesting concept in quantum computation is that of global control (GC), where there is no need to manipulate qubits individually. One can implement a universal set of quantum gates on a one-dimensional array purely via signals that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Adel Bririd , Simon C. Benjamin , Alastair Kay

The existence of quantum error correcting codes is one of the most counterintuitive and potentially technologically important discoveries of quantum information theory. However, standard error correction refers to abstract quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-24 Patrick Hayden , Sepehr Nezami , Sandu Popescu , Grant Salton

Say a collection of $n$-qu$d$it gates $\Gamma$ is eventually universal if and only if there exists $N_0 \geq n$ such that for all $N \geq N_0$, one can approximate any $N$-qu$d$it unitary to arbitrary precision by a circuit over $\Gamma$.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Chaitanya Karamchedu , Matthew Fox , Daniel Gottesman

Fault-tolerant quantum computation allows quantum computations to be carried out while resisting unwanted noise. Several error-correcting codes have been developed to achieve this task, but none alone are capable of universal quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Nicholas J. C. Papadopoulos , Ramin Ayanzadeh

We study quasi-exact quantum error correcting codes and quantum computation with them. A quasi-exact code is an approximate code such that it contains a finite number of scaling parameters, the tuning of which can flow it to corresponding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-29 Dong-Sheng Wang , Guanyu Zhu , Cihan Okay , Raymond Laflamme

A problem of universality in simulation of evolution of quantum system and in theory of quantum computations is related with the possibility of expression or approximation of arbitrary unitary transformation by composition of specific…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Alexander Yu. Vlasov

Fault-tolerant quantum computers which can solve hard problems rely on quantum error correction. One of the most promising error correction codes is the surface code, which requires universal gate fidelities exceeding the error correction…

Braiding defects in topological stabiliser codes has been widely studied as a promising approach to fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, we explore the potential and limitations of such schemes in codes of all spatial dimensions. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-11 Paul Webster , Stephen D. Bartlett

This paper proves the threshold result, which asserts that quantum computation can be made robust against errors and inaccuracies, when the error rate, $\eta$, is smaller than a constant threshold, $\eta_c$. The result holds for a very…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dorit Aharonov , Michael Ben-Or

Quantum error correction is a crucial tool for mitigating hardware errors in quantum computers by encoding logical information into multiple physical qubits. However, no single error-correcting code allows for an intrinsically…

It was shown by M.A. Nielsen and I.L. Chuang 1997, that it is impossible to build strictly universal programmable quantum gate array, that could perform any unitary operation precisely and it was suggested to use probabilistic gate arrays…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexander Yu. Vlasov

With the advent of physical qubits exhibiting strong noise bias, it becomes increasingly relevant to identify which quantum gates can be efficiently implemented on error-correcting codes designed to address a single dominant error type.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Victor Barizien , Hugo Jacinto , Nicolas Sangouard