English
Related papers

Related papers: Evaluating Model Performance with Hard-Swish Activ…

200 papers

Motivated by the growing theoretical understanding of neural networks that employ the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) as their activation function, we revisit the use of ReLU activation functions for learning implicit neural representations…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-05 Joseph Shenouda , Yamin Zhou , Robert D. Nowak

Nonlinear activation functions are widely recognized for enhancing the expressivity of neural networks, which is the primary reason for their widespread implementation. In this work, we focus on ReLU activation and reveal a novel and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Chaoyue Liu , Han Bi , Like Hui , Xiao Liu

Activation functions are critical to the performance of deep neural networks, particularly in domains such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), where nonlinearity, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and signal variability poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Behtom Adeli , John McLinden , Pankaj Pandey , Ming Shao , Yalda Shahriari

This work provides a thorough study on how reward scaling can affect performance of deep reinforcement learning agents. In particular, we would like to answer the question that how does reward scaling affect non-saturating ReLU networks in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Yueh-Hua Wu , Fan-Yun Sun , Yen-Yu Chang , Shou-De Lin

We present a Statistical Mechanics (SM) model of deep neural networks, connecting the energy-based and the feed forward networks (FFN) approach. We infer that FFN can be understood as performing three basic steps: encoding, representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Mirco Milletarí , Thiparat Chotibut , Paolo E. Trevisanutto

Traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) typically use the same activation function (usually ReLU) for all neurons with non-linear mapping operations. For example, the deep convolutional architecture Inception-v4 uses ReLU. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Luna M. Zhang

In recent years, neural networks have enjoyed a renaissance as function approximators in reinforcement learning. Two decades after Tesauro's TD-Gammon achieved near top-level human performance in backgammon, the deep reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-03 Stefan Elfwing , Eiji Uchibe , Kenji Doya

We propose a simple extension to the ReLU-family of activation functions that allows them to shift the mean activation across a layer towards zero. Combined with proper weight initialization, this alleviates the need for normalization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-16 Lars Eidnes , Arild Nøkland

Periodic activation functions, often referred to as learned Fourier features have been widely demonstrated to improve sample efficiency and stability in a variety of deep RL algorithms. Potentially incompatible hypotheses have been made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Augustine N. Mavor-Parker , Matthew J. Sargent , Caswell Barry , Lewis Griffin , Clare Lyle

In this paper, we have extended the well-established universal approximator theory to neural networks that use the unbounded ReLU activation function and a nonlinear softmax output layer. We have proved that a sufficiently large neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Behnam Asadi , Hui Jiang

Activation functions play an important role in training artificial neural networks. The majority of currently used activation functions are deterministic in nature, with their fixed input-output relationship. In this work, we propose a…

Batch Normalization (BN) is a cornerstone of deep learning, yet it fundamentally breaks down in micro-batch regimes (e.g., 3D medical imaging) and non-IID Federated Learning. Removing BN from deep architectures, however, often leads to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Suvinava Basak

An activation function has crucial role in a deep neural network. A simple rectified linear unit (ReLU) are widely used for the activation function. In this paper, a weighted sigmoid gate unit (WiG) is proposed as the activation function.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-04 Masayuki Tanaka

Existing parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods primarily adapt weight matrices while keeping activation functions fixed. We introduce \textbf{NoRA}, the first PEFT framework that directly adapts nonlinear activation functions in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Bo Yin , Xingyi Yang , Xinchao Wang

Activation functions are fundamental to deep neural networks, governing gradient flow, optimization stability, and representational capacity. Within historic deep architectures, while ReLU has been the dominant choice for the activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mingi Kang , Zai Yang , Jeova Farias Sales Rocha Neto

Activation functions are critical components in deep neural networks, directly influencing gradient flow, training stability, and model performance. Traditional functions like ReLU suffer from dead neuron problems, while sigmoid and tanh…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Sergii Kavun

For most state-of-the-art architectures, Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) becomes a standard component accompanied with each layer. Although ReLU can ease the network training to an extent, the character of blocking negative values may suppress…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Xuanyi Dong , Guoliang Kang , Kun Zhan , Yi Yang

Our work proposes a novel approach to designing activation functions by focusing on their gradients and deriving the corresponding activation functions using integration. We introduce the Expanded Integral of the Exponential Linear Unit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Allen Hao Huang , Imanol Schlag

Tremendous advances in image restoration tasks such as denoising and super-resolution have been achieved using neural networks. Such approaches generally employ very deep architectures, large number of parameters, large receptive fields and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Shuhang Gu , Radu Timofte , Luc Van Gool

The paper briefy reviews several recent results on hierarchical architectures for learning from examples, that may formally explain the conditions under which Deep Convolutional Neural Networks perform much better in function approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-12 Hrushikesh Mhaskar , Tomaso Poggio