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Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, such as backdoor attacks in which a malicious adversary compromises a model during training such that specific behaviour can be triggered at test time by attaching a specific word…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-21 You Guo , Jun Wang , Trevor Cohn

Autoregressive Visual Language Models (VLMs) showcase impressive few-shot learning capabilities in a multimodal context. Recently, multimodal instruction tuning has been proposed to further enhance instruction-following abilities. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Jiawei Liang , Siyuan Liang , Man Luo , Aishan Liu , Dongchen Han , Ee-Chien Chang , Xiaochun Cao

Backdoor attacks create significant security threats to language models by embedding hidden triggers that manipulate model behavior during inference, presenting critical risks for AI systems deployed in healthcare and other sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Mohamed Afane , Abhishek Satyam , Ke Chen , Tao Li , Junaid Farooq , Juntao Chen

Deploying large vision-language models (LVLMs) introduces a unique vulnerability: susceptibility to malicious attacks via visual inputs. However, existing defense methods suffer from two key limitations: (1) They solely focus on textual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Shuyang Hao , Yiwei Wang , Bryan Hooi , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Jun Liu , Chengcheng Tang , Zi Huang , Yujun Cai

Text-to-Image (T2I) models generate high-quality images but are vulnerable to malicious backdoor attacks that inject harmful biases (e.g., trigger-activated gender or racial stereotypes). Existing debiasing methods, often designed for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Hongyi Cai , Mohammad Mahdinur Rahman , Mingkang Dong , Muxin Pu , Moqyad Alqaily , Jie Li , Xinfeng Li , Jialie Shen , Meikang Qiu , Qingsong Wen

Backdoor attacks pose a serious security threat for training neural networks as they surreptitiously introduce hidden functionalities into a model. Such backdoors remain silent during inference on clean inputs, evading detection due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Lukas Struppek , Martin B. Hentschel , Clifton Poth , Dominik Hintersdorf , Kristian Kersting

In recent years, diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in the realm of high-quality image generation, garnering increased attention. This surge in interest is paralleled by a growing concern over the security threats associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Sen Li , Junchi Ma , Minhao Cheng

Recently, advanced NLP models have seen a surge in the usage of various applications. This raises the security threats of the released models. In addition to the clean models' unintentional weaknesses, {\em i.e.,} adversarial attacks, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Lichao Sun

Backdoor attacks significantly compromise the security of large language models by triggering them to output specific and controlled content. Currently, triggers for textual backdoor attacks fall into two categories: fixed-token triggers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jingyi Zheng , Tianyi Hu , Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He

Backdoor attacks are a kind of emergent training-time threat to deep neural networks (DNNs). They can manipulate the output of DNNs and possess high insidiousness. In the field of natural language processing, some attack methods have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Fanchao Qi , Yangyi Chen , Mukai Li , Yuan Yao , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in consumer applications where users seek recommendations about products, dining, and services. We introduce Hidden Ads, a new class of backdoor attacks that exploit this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Duanyi Yao , Changyue Li , Zhicong Huang , Cheng Hong , Songze Li

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering (VQA). However, as their applications become increasingly widespread, recent studies have revealed that VLMs are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ji Guo , Xiaolong Qin , Cencen Liu , Jielei Wang , Jierun Chen , Wenbo Jiang

Despite the remarkable progress of diffusion models in image generation, recent studies reveal their vulnerability to backdoor attacks via covert visual or textual triggers. Although evolving defense mechanisms can detect most existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jia Wu , Yu Pan , Junjun Yang , Yi Du

Recently, the newly emerged multimodal models, which leverage both visual and linguistic modalities to train powerful encoders, have gained increasing attention. However, learning from a large-scale unlabeled dataset also exposes the model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Ziqing Yang , Xinlei He , Zheng Li , Michael Backes , Mathias Humbert , Pascal Berrang , Yang Zhang

Recent research shows deep neural networks are vulnerable to different types of attacks, such as adversarial attack, data poisoning attack and backdoor attack. Among them, backdoor attack is the most cunning one and can occur in almost…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Jie Zhang , Dongdong Chen , Qidong Huang , Jing Liao , Weiming Zhang , Huamin Feng , Gang Hua , Nenghai Yu

While text-to-image diffusion models demonstrate impressive generation capabilities, they also exhibit vulnerability to backdoor attacks, which involve the manipulation of model outputs through malicious triggers. In this paper, for the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Zhongqi Wang , Jie Zhang , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Multimodal pretrained models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, yet most existing methods rely on visual or multimodal triggers, which are impractical since visually embedded triggers rarely occur in real-world data. To overcome this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yiyang Zhang , Chaojian Yu , Ziming Hong , Yuanjie Shao , Qinmu Peng , Tongliang Liu , Xinge You

Deep neural networks (DNNs) can be manipulated to exhibit specific behaviors when exposed to specific trigger patterns, without affecting their performance on benign samples, dubbed \textit{backdoor attack}. Currently, implementing backdoor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Ruotong Wang , Hongrui Chen , Zihao Zhu , Li Liu , Baoyuan Wu

Multimodal diffusion models for image editing generate outputs conditioned on both textual instructions and visual inputs, aiming to modify target regions while preserving the rest of the image. Although diffusion models have been shown to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Ji Guo , Peihong Chen , Wenbo Jiang , Xiaolei Wen , Jiaming He , Jiachen Li , Guoming Lu , Aiguo Chen , Hongwei Li

The use of third-party datasets and pre-trained machine learning models poses a threat to NLP systems due to possibility of hidden backdoor attacks. Existing attacks involve poisoning the data samples such as insertion of tokens or sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Irina Alekseevskaia , Konstantin Arkhipenko