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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of vision-language tasks. However, their performance as embodied agents, which requires multi-round dialogue spatial reasoning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Xunyi Zhao , Gengze Zhou , Qi Wu

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in various general multimodal applications and have shown increasing promise in specialized domains. However, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Chenwei Lin , Hanjia Lyu , Xian Xu , Jiebo Luo

Large language models (LLMs) have proven their remarkable versatility in handling a comprehensive range of language-centric applications. To expand LLMs' capabilities to a broader spectrum of modal inputs, multimodal large language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Qiang Zhou , Zhibin Wang , Wei Chu , Yinghui Xu , Hao Li , Yuan Qi

Humans perform visual perception at multiple levels, including low-level object recognition and high-level semantic interpretation such as behavior understanding. Subtle differences in low-level details can lead to substantial changes in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Guanzhen Li , Yuxi Xie , Min-Yen Kan

We propose MM-Vet, an evaluation benchmark that examines large multimodal models (LMMs) on complicated multimodal tasks. Recent LMMs have shown various intriguing abilities, such as solving math problems written on the blackboard, reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Weihao Yu , Zhengyuan Yang , Linjie Li , Jianfeng Wang , Kevin Lin , Zicheng Liu , Xinchao Wang , Lijuan Wang

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have exhibited remarkable general intelligence across diverse domains, their potential in low-altitude applications dominated by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) remains largely underexplored.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Shiqi Dai , Zizhi Ma , Zhicong Luo , Xuesong Yang , Yibin Huang , Wanyue Zhang , Chi Chen , Zonghao Guo , Wang Xu , Yufei Sun , Maosong Sun

Vision-language models (VLMs) are essential to Embodied AI, enabling robots to perceive, reason, and act in complex environments. They also serve as the foundation for the recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. Yet most evaluations of…

The remarkable progress of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has garnered unparalleled attention, due to their superior performance in visual contexts. However, their capabilities in visual math problem-solving remain insufficiently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Renrui Zhang , Dongzhi Jiang , Yichi Zhang , Haokun Lin , Ziyu Guo , Pengshuo Qiu , Aojun Zhou , Pan Lu , Kai-Wei Chang , Peng Gao , Hongsheng Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are proficient in perception and instruction-following, but they still struggle with spatial reasoning: the ability to mentally track and manipulate objects across multiple views and over time.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Ryan Spencer , Roey Yaari , Ritvik Vemavarapu , Joyce Yang , Steven Ngo , Utkarsh Sharma

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

Spatial reasoning is a core aspect of human intelligence that allows perception, inference and planning in 3D environments. However, current vision-language models (VLMs) struggle to maintain geometric coherence and cross-view consistency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Qiyao Xue , Weichen Liu , Shiqi Wang , Haoming Wang , Yuyang Wu , Wei Gao

Understanding multi-image, multi-turn scenarios is a critical yet underexplored capability for Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). Existing benchmarks predominantly focus on static or horizontal comparisons -- e.g., spotting visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wenbo Lyu , Yingjun Du , Jinglin Zhao , Xianton Zhen , Ling Shao

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have rapidly advanced in visual tasks, yet their spatial understanding remains limited to single images, leaving them ill-suited for physical-world applications that require multi-frame reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Runsen Xu , Weiyao Wang , Hao Tang , Xingyu Chen , Xiaodong Wang , Fu-Jen Chu , Matt Feiszli , Kevin J. Liang

Large language models (LLMs) perform well on step-by-step reasoning benchmarks such as mathematics and code generation, yet their ability to carry out robust long-horizon planning under realistic constraints remains insufficiently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Petr Anokhin , Roman Khalikov , Stefan Rebrikov , Viktor Volkov , Artyom Sorokin , Vincent Bissonnette

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit impressive problem-solving abilities in various domains, but their visual comprehension and abstract reasoning skills remain under-evaluated. To this end, we present PolyMATH, a challenging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Himanshu Gupta , Shreyas Verma , Ujjwala Anantheswaran , Kevin Scaria , Mihir Parmar , Swaroop Mishra , Chitta Baral

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive generalization across multimodal tasks, yet most evaluation benchmarks remain Western-centric, leaving open questions about their performance in culturally diverse and multilingual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Ali Faraz , Akash , Shaharukh Khan , Raja Kolla , Akshat Patidar , Suranjan Goswami , Abhinav Ravi , Chandra Khatri , Shubham Agarwal

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLM) have shown a strong ability in visual perception, reasoning abilities, and vision-language understanding. However, the visual matching ability of MLLMs is rarely studied,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Yikang Zhou , Tao Zhang , Shilin Xu , Shihao Chen , Qianyu Zhou , Yunhai Tong , Shunping Ji , Jiangning Zhang , Lu Qi , Xiangtai Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate enhanced capabilities and reliability by reasoning more, evolving from Chain-of-Thought prompting to product-level solutions like OpenAI o1. Despite various efforts to improve LLM reasoning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Yuhao Dong , Zuyan Liu , Hai-Long Sun , Jingkang Yang , Winston Hu , Yongming Rao , Ziwei Liu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved strong performance on perception-oriented tasks, yet their ability to perform mathematical spatial reasoning, defined as the capacity to parse and manipulate two- and three-dimensional…

Recent benchmarks and datasets have been proposed to improve spatial reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs), yet existing open resources remain limited in scale, visual diversity, and instruction expressiveness. In this work, we…