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Sampling-based model predictive controllers generate trajectories by sampling control inputs from a fixed, simple distribution such as the normal or uniform distributions. This sampling method yields trajectory samples that are tightly…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-13 O. Goktug Poyrazoglu , Rahul Moorthy , Yukang Cao , William Chastek , Volkan Isler

In this paper we develop a Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control algorithm based on a generalized importance sampling scheme and perform parallel optimization via sampling using a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). The proposed…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-10-29 Grady Williams , Andrew Aldrich , Evangelos Theodorou

This paper introduces a method for Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control that optimizes sample generation towards an optimal trajectory through Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD). MPPI relies upon predictive rollout of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Jace Aldrich , Odest Chadwicke Jenkins

Quadrotor navigation in unknown environments is critical for practical missions such as search-and-rescue. Solving this problem requires addressing three key challenges: path planning in non-convex free space due to obstacles, satisfying…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yifan Zhai , Rudolf Reiter , Davide Scaramuzza

Traditional approaches to motion modeling for skid-steer robots struggle with capturing nonlinear tire-terrain dynamics, especially during high-speed maneuvers. In this paper, we tackle such nonlinearities by enhancing a dynamic unicycle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Ananya Trivedi , Sarvesh Prajapati , Anway Shirgaonkar , Mark Zolotas , Taskin Padir

Sampling-based Model Predictive Control (MPC) has been a practical and effective approach in many domains, notably model-based reinforcement learning, thanks to its flexibility and parallelizability. Despite its appealing empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zeji Yi , Chaoyi Pan , Guanqi He , Guannan Qu , Guanya Shi

Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control, Reinforcement Learning (RL), and Diffusion Models have each demonstrated strong performance in trajectory optimization, decision-making, and motion planning. However, these approaches have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yankai Li , Mo Chen

Robust robot planning in dynamic, human-centric environments remains challenging due to multimodal uncertainty, the need for real-time adaptation, and safety requirements. Optimization-based planners enable explicit constraint handling but…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kazuki Mizuta , Karen Leung

Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control is a widely used sampling-based method for trajectory optimization, yet its convergence properties remain only partially understood. This paper provides a direct convergence analysis using…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Mahyar Fazlyab , Sina Sharifi , Jiarui Wang

Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control has emerged as a powerful sampling-based optimal control method for complex, nonlinear, and high-dimensional systems. However, directly applying MPPI to legged robotic systems presents several…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Chuyuan Tao , Fanxin Wang , Haolong Jiang , Jia He , Yiyang Chen , Qinglei Bu

Sampling-based controllers, such as Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) methods, offer substantial flexibility but often suffer from high variance and low sample efficiency. To address these challenges, we introduce a hybrid…

This paper presents a novel approach to motion planning for two-wheeled drones that can drive on the ground and fly in the air. Conventional methods for two-wheeled drone motion planning typically rely on gradient-based optimization and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Gosuke Kojima , Kohei Honda , Satoshi Nakano , Manabu Yamada

Sampling-based model predictive control (MPC) is effective for nonlinear systems but often produces non-smooth control inputs due to random sampling. To address this issue, we extend the model predictive path integral (MPPI) framework with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-08 Markus Walker , Marcel Reith-Braun , Tai Hoang , Gerhard Neumann , Uwe D. Hanebeck

Systematically including dynamically changing waypoints as desired discrete actions, for instance, resulting from superordinate task planning, has been challenging for online model predictive trajectory optimization with short planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Florian Beck , Minh Nhat Vu , Christian Hartl-Nesic , Andreas Kugi

This paper presents a tutorial and survey on Probabilistic Inference-based Model Predictive Control (PI-MPC). PI-MPC reformulates finite-horizon optimal control as inference over an optimal control distribution expressed as a Boltzmann…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Kohei Honda

Safe navigation in uneven terrains is an important problem in robotic research. In this paper we propose a 2.5D navigation system which consists of elevation map building, path planning and local path following with obstacle avoidance. For…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Stepan Dergachev , Kirill Muravyev , Konstantin Yakovlev

Standard Model Predictive Control (MPC) or trajectory optimization approaches perform only a local search to solve a complex non-convex optimization problem. As a result, they cannot capture the multi-modal characteristic of human driving.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Vivek K. Adajania , Aditya Sharma , Anish Gupta , Houman Masnavi , K Madhava Krishna , Arun K. Singh

Autonomous vehicles are the upcoming solution to most transportation problems such as safety, comfort and efficiency. The steering control is one of the main important tasks in achieving autonomous driving. Model predictive control (MPC) is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Yassine Kebbati , Vicenç Puig , Naima Ait-Oufroukh , Vincent Vigneron , Dalil Ichalal

This paper presents a reactive navigation method that leverages a Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control enhanced with spline interpolation for the control input sequence and Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD). The MPPI…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Takato Miura , Naoki Akai , Kohei Honda , Susumu Hara

We present a sampling-based control approach that can generate smooth actions for general nonlinear systems without external smoothing algorithms. Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control has been utilized in numerous robotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Taekyung Kim , Gyuhyun Park , Kiho Kwak , Jihwan Bae , Wonsuk Lee