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The past a few years have witnessed the great success of large language models, demonstrating powerful capabilities in comprehending textual data and generating human-like languages. Large language models achieve success by being trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Estrid He , Tabinda Sarwar , Ibrahim Khalil , Xun Yi , Ke Wang

Large language model unlearning aims to remove harmful information that LLMs have learnt to prevent their use for malicious purposes. LLMU and RMU have been proposed as two methods for LLM unlearning, achieving impressive results on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jai Doshi , Asa Cooper Stickland

The rise of the phenomenon of the "right to be forgotten" has prompted research on machine unlearning, which grants data owners the right to actively withdraw data that has been used for model training, and requires the elimination of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Xulong Zhang , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Yifu Sun , Chuanyao Zhang , Jing Xiao

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in safety-critical and regulated sectors, the retention of sensitive or prohibited knowledge introduces escalating risks, ranging from privacy leakage to regulatory non-compliance to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Taozhao Chen , Linghan Huang , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo , Huaming Chen

Machine unlearning considers the removal of the contribution of a set of data points from a trained model. In a distributed setting, where a server orchestrates training using data available at a set of remote users, unlearning is essential…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-07 Natalie Lang , Alon Helvitz , Nir Shlezinger

Machine unlearning has become a promising solution for fulfilling the "right to be forgotten", under which individuals can request the deletion of their data from machine learning models. However, existing studies of machine unlearning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Hongsheng Hu , Shuo Wang , Tian Dong , Minhui Xue

Recent advances in machine learning, particularly in Natural Language Processing (NLP), have produced powerful models trained on vast datasets. However, these models risk leaking sensitive information, raising privacy concerns. In response,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Haoyu Tang , Ye Liu , Xi Zhao , Xukai Liu , Yanghai Zhang , Kai Zhang , Xiaofang Zhou , Enhong Chen

Machine unlearning has become an important area of research due to an increasing need for machine learning (ML) applications to comply with the emerging data privacy regulations. It facilitates the provision for removal of certain set or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Vikram S Chundawat , Ayush K Tarun , Murari Mandal , Mohan Kankanhalli

While numerous machine unlearning (MU) methods have recently been developed with promising results in erasing the influence of forgotten data, classes, or concepts, they are also highly vulnerable-for example, simple fine-tuning can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yichen Gao , Altay Unal , Akshay Rangamani , Zhihui Zhu

Machine unlearning refers to the process of mitigating the influence of specific training data on machine learning models based on removal requests from data owners. However, one important area that has been largely overlooked in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Dayong Ye , Tianqing Zhu , Congcong Zhu , Derui Wang , Kun Gao , Zewei Shi , Sheng Shen , Wanlei Zhou , Minhui Xue

Unlearning algorithms aim to remove deleted data's influence from trained models at a cost lower than full retraining. However, prior guarantees of unlearning in literature are flawed and don't protect the privacy of deleted records. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-15 Rishav Chourasia , Neil Shah

Growing concerns surrounding AI safety and data privacy have driven the development of Machine Unlearning as a potential solution. However, current machine unlearning algorithms are designed to complement the offline training paradigm. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sayanta Adhikari , Vishnuprasadh Kumaravelu , P. K. Srijith

Representation Misdirection for Unlearning (RMU), which steers model representation in the intermediate layer to a target random representation, is an effective method for large language model (LLM) unlearning. Despite its high performance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Dang Huu-Tien , Trung-Tin Pham , Hoang Thanh-Tung , Naoya Inoue

We study the right to be forgotten (GDPR Art. 17) for large language models and frame unlearning as a reproducible systems problem. Our approach treats training as a deterministic program and logs a minimal per-microbatch record (ordered ID…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Abdullah X

Privacy protection laws, such as the GDPR, grant individuals the right to request the forgetting of their personal data not only from databases but also from machine learning (ML) models trained on them. Machine unlearning has emerged as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Josep Domingo-Ferrer , Najeeb Jebreel , David Sánchez

The development of artificial intelligence demands that models incrementally update knowledge by Continual Learning (CL) to adapt to open-world environments. To meet privacy and security requirements, Continual Unlearning (CU) emerges as an…

In response to recent data regulation requirements, machine unlearning (MU) has emerged as a critical process to remove the influence of specific examples from a given model. Although exact unlearning can be achieved through complete model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Jinghan Jia , Jiancheng Liu , Parikshit Ram , Yuguang Yao , Gaowen Liu , Yang Liu , Pranay Sharma , Sijia Liu

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) embed private or copyrighted information not only in their final answers but also throughout multi-step chain-of-thought (CoT) traces, making reliable unlearning far more demanding than in standard LLMs. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Sangyeon Yoon , Wonje Jeung , Albert No

Privacy regulations require the erasure of data from deep learning models. This is a significant challenge that is amplified in Federated Learning, where data remains on clients, making full retraining or coordinated updates often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Antonio Balordi , Lorenzo Manini , Fabio Stella , Alessio Merlo

Removing information from a machine learning model is a non-trivial task that requires to partially revert the training process. This task is unavoidable when sensitive data, such as credit card numbers or passwords, accidentally enter the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Alexander Warnecke , Lukas Pirch , Christian Wressnegger , Konrad Rieck