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The emergence of accurate open large language models (LLMs) has led to a race towards performant quantization techniques which can enable their execution on end-user devices. In this paper, we revisit the problem of "extreme" LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Vage Egiazarian , Andrei Panferov , Denis Kuznedelev , Elias Frantar , Artem Babenko , Dan Alistarh

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) has transformed natural language processing, yet the challenge of efficient adaptation remains unresolved. Full fine-tuning achieves strong performance but imposes prohibitive computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Emily Jimin Roh , Hyojun Ahn , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Soohyun Park , Joongheon Kim

Recent GPU generations deliver significantly higher FLOPs using lower-precision arithmetic, such as FP8. While successfully applied to large language models (LLMs), its adoption in large recommendation models (LRMs) has been limited. This…

Weight-only quantization is important for compressing Large Language Models (LLMs). Inspired by the spirit of classical magnitude pruning, we study whether the magnitude of weight updates during reasoning-incentivized fine-tuning can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Nan Zhang , Eugene Kwek , Yusen Zhang , Muyu Pan , Suhang Wang , Prasenjit Mitra , Rui Zhang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is one of the most widely used techniques for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). By introducing a small number of trainable low-rank weight matrices, LoRA substantially reduces the number of parameters that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Seokmin Ko

We propose QeRL, a Quantization-enhanced Reinforcement Learning framework for large language models (LLMs). While RL is essential for LLMs' reasoning capabilities, it is resource-intensive, requiring substantial GPU memory and long rollout…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wei Huang , Yi Ge , Shuai Yang , Yicheng Xiao , Huizi Mao , Yujun Lin , Hanrong Ye , Sifei Liu , Ka Chun Cheung , Hongxu Yin , Yao Lu , Xiaojuan Qi , Song Han , Yukang Chen

Finetuned LLMs often exhibit poor uncertainty quantification, manifesting as overconfidence, poor calibration, and unreliable prediction results on test data or out-of-distribution samples. One approach commonly used in vision for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Xi Wang , Laurence Aitchison , Maja Rudolph

Federated fine-tuning (FedFT) provides an effective paradigm for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) in privacy-sensitive scenarios. However, practical deployment remains challenging due to the limited resources on end devices.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Rukuo Li , Jianchun Liu , Hongli Xu , Liusheng Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Vector Quantization (VQ) is an appealing model compression method to obtain a tiny model with less accuracy loss. While methods to obtain better codebooks and codes under fixed clustering dimensionality have been extensively studied,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Zezhou Zhu , Yucong Zhou , Zhao Zhong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong potential for cybersecurity question answering (QA), supporting decision-making in real-time threat detection and response workflows. However, their substantial computational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Onat Gungor , Roshan Sood , Harold Wang , Tajana Rosing

Finetuned large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in financial tasks, such as sentiment analysis and information retrieval. Due to privacy concerns, finetuning and deploying Financial LLMs (FinLLMs) locally are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Dannong Wang , Daniel Kim , Bo Jin , Xingjian Zhao , Tianfan Fu , Steve Yang , Xiao-Yang Liu

Large reasoning models (LRMs) reach competition-level math and coding accuracy via long autoregressive decoding, making per-token decoding cost a primary deployment concern. Weight quantization is the standard tool for acceleration, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Euntae Choi , Sumin Song , Sungjoo Yoo

Quantization stands as a pivotal technique for large language model (LLM) serving, yet it poses significant challenges particularly in achieving effective low-bit quantization. The limited numerical mapping makes the quantized model produce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Weibo Zhao , Yubin Shi , Xinyu Lyu , Wanchen Sui , Shen Li , Yong Li

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large models by decomposing weight updates into low-rank matrices, significantly reducing storage and computational overhead. While effective, standard LoRA lacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Viktar Dubovik , Patryk Marszałek , Jacek Tabor , Tomasz Kuśmierczyk

Although recent quantized Large Language Models (LLMs), such as BitNet, have paved the way for significant reduction in memory usage during deployment with binary or ternary weights, training these models still demands substantial memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Kaiyan Zhao , Tsuguchika Tabaru , Kenichi Kobayashi , Takumi Honda , Masafumi Yamazaki , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) aims to adapt pre-trained models to specific tasks using relatively small and domain-specific datasets. Among Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) stands out by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yarui Cao , Kai Liu

This study aims to innovatively explore adaptive applications of large language models (LLM) in urban renewal. It also aims to improve its performance and text generation quality for knowledge question-answering (QA) tasks. Based on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Xi Wang , Xianyao Ling , Tom Zhang , Xuecao Li , Shaolan Wang , Zhixing Li , Liang Zhang , Peng Gong

Large language models (LLMs) are costly to deploy due to their large memory footprint and high inference cost. Weight-activation quantization can reduce these costs, but low-bit activation quantization remains difficult because activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chayne Thrash , Ali Abbasi , Soheil Kolouri

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is essential for deploying large diffusion transformers on resource-constrained hardware, but aggressive 4-bit quantization significantly degrades generative performance. Low-rank approximation methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yann Bouquet , Alireza Khodamoradi , Sophie Yáng Shen , Kristof Denolf , Mathieu Salzmann
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