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Learned video coding (LVC) has recently achieved superior coding performance. In this paper, we model the rate-quality (R-Q) relationship for learned video coding by a parametric function. We learn a neural network, termed RQNet, to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sang NguyenQuang , Cheng-Wei Chen , Xiem HoangVan , Wen-Hsiao Peng

In recent years, neural network-based image compression techniques have been able to outperform traditional codecs and have opened the gates for the development of learning-based video codecs. However, to take advantage of the high temporal…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-25 Aishwarya Jadhav

The demand for efficient multi-rate encoding techniques has surged with the increasing prevalence of ultra-high-definition (UHD) video content, particularly in adaptive streaming scenarios where a single video must be encoded at multiple…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Vignesh V Menon , Adam Wieckowski , Yiquin Liu , Benjamin Bross , Detlev Marpe

Vector Quantization (VQ) is a method for discretizing latent representations and has become a major part of the deep learning toolkit. It has been theoretically and empirically shown that discretization of representations leads to improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Dianbo Liu , Alex Lamb , Xu Ji , Pascal Notsawo , Mike Mozer , Yoshua Bengio , Kenji Kawaguchi

Learned image compression has exhibited promising compression performance, but variable bitrates over a wide range remain a challenge. State-of-the-art variable rate methods compromise the loss of model performance and require numerous…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-13 Kedeng Tong , Yaojun Wu , Yue Li , Kai Zhang , Li Zhang , Xin Jin

Speech codecs are traditionally optimized for waveform fidelity, allocating bits to preserve acoustic detail even when much of it can be inferred from linguistic structure. This leads to inefficient compression and suboptimal performance on…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Liuyang Bai , Weiyi Lu , Li Guo

Training neural video codec (NVC) with variable rate is a highly challenging task due to its complex training strategies and model structure. In this paper, we train an efficient variable bitrate neural video codec (EV-NVC) with the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yongcun Hu , Yingzhen Zhai , Jixiang Luo , Wenrui Dai , Dell Zhang , Hongkai Xiong , Xuelong Li

Mainstream image and video coding standards -- including state-of-the-art codecs like H.266/VVC, AVS3, and AV1 -- adopt a block-based hybrid coding framework. While this framework facilitates straightforward optimization for Peak…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Runyu Yang , Ivan V. Bajić

In response to the rapid growth of global videomtraffic and the limitations of traditional wireless transmission systems, we propose a novel dual-stage vector quantization framework, VQ-DeepVSC, tailored to enhance video transmission over…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yongyi Miao , Zhongdang Li , Yang Wang , Die Hu , Jun Yan , Youfang Wang

Vector Quantization (VQ) has become the cornerstone of tokenization for many multimodal Large Language Models and diffusion synthesis. However, existing VQ paradigms suffer from a fundamental conflict: they enforce discretization before the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Wenhao Zhao , Qiran Zou , Zhouhan Lin , Dianbo Liu

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought substantial computational and memory demands, spurring the adoption of low-bit quantization. While 8-bit and 4-bit formats have become prevalent, extending quantization to 2…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiayi Chen , Jieqi Shi , Jing Huo , Chen Wu

This paper shows how to reduce the computational cost for a variety of common machine vision tasks by operating directly in the compressed domain, particularly in the context of hardware acceleration. Pyramid Vector Quantization (PVQ) is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-03-31 Vincenzo Liguori

Latent representation learning has been an active field of study for decades in numerous applications. Inspired among others by the tokenization from Natural Language Processing and motivated by the research of a simple data representation,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-26 Benoît Giniès , Xiaoyu Bie , Olivier Fercoq , Gaël Richard

Deep learning-based semantic communication has largely relied on analog or semi-digital transmission, which limits compatibility with modern digital communication infrastructures. Recent studies have employed vector quantization (VQ) to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-22 Zian Meng , Qiang Li , Wenqian Tang , Mingdie Yan , Xiaohu Ge

Achieving successful variable bitrate compression with computationally simple algorithms from a single end-to-end learned image or video compression model remains a challenge. Many approaches have been proposed, including conditional…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-01 Fatih Kamisli , Fabien Racape , Hyomin Choi

We propose to replace vector quantization (VQ) in the latent representation of VQ-VAEs with a simple scheme termed finite scalar quantization (FSQ), where we project the VAE representation down to a few dimensions (typically less than 10).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Fabian Mentzer , David Minnen , Eirikur Agustsson , Michael Tschannen

Video face restoration faces a critical challenge in maintaining temporal consistency while recovering fine facial details from degraded inputs. This paper presents a novel approach that extends Vector-Quantized Variational Autoencoders…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yan Chen , Hanlin Shang , Ce Liu , Yuxuan Chen , Hui Li , Weihao Yuan , Hao Zhu , Zilong Dong , Siyu Zhu

Neural audio/speech coding has recently demonstrated its capability to deliver high quality at much lower bitrates than traditional methods. However, existing neural audio/speech codecs employ either acoustic features or learned blind…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Xue Jiang , Xiulian Peng , Huaying Xue , Yuan Zhang , Yan Lu

Vector-quantized variational autoencoders (VQ-VAEs) are central to models that rely on high reconstruction fidelity, from neural compression to generative pipelines. Hierarchical extensions, such as VQ-VAE2, are often credited with superior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Shirin Reyhanian , Laurenz Wiskott

Recent advancements in implicit neural representations have contributed to high-fidelity surface reconstruction and photorealistic novel view synthesis. However, the computational complexity inherent in these methodologies presents a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yiying Yang , Wen Liu , Fukun Yin , Xin Chen , Gang Yu , Jiayuan Fan , Tao Chen