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Inspired by the vertebrate branch of the animal kingdom, articulated soft robots are robotic systems embedding elastic elements into a classic rigid (skeleton-like) structure. Leveraging on their bodies elasticity, soft robots promise to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Cosimo Della Santina , Dominic Lakatos , Antonio Bicchi , Alin Albu-Schäffer

Inflated-beam soft robots, such as tip-everting vine robots, can control curvature by contracting one beam side via pneumatic actuation. This work develops a general finite element modeling approach to characterize their bending. The model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Cosima du Pasquier , Sehui Jeong , Allison M. Okamura

Snapping instabilities in soft structures offer a powerful pathway to achieve rapid and energy-efficient actuation. In this study, an eccentric dome-shaped snapping actuator is developed to generate controllable asymmetric motion through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Xin Li , Ye Jin , Mohsen Jafarpour , Hugo de Souza Oliveira , Edoardo Milana

Soft machines typically exhibit slow locomotion speed and low manipulation strength because of intrinsic limitations of soft materials. Here, we present a generic design principle that harnesses mechanical instability for a variety of…

Soft continuum robots achieve complex deformation through elastic equilibrium, making their reachable motions governed jointly by structural design and actuation-induced mechanics. This work develops a general formulation that integrates…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhiwei Wu , Jiahao Luo , Siyi Wei , Jinhui Zhang

Snake robots have been studied for decades with the aim of achieving biological snakes' fluent locomotion. Yet, as of today, their locomotion remains far from that of the biological snakes. Our recent study suggested that snake locomotion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Seongil Kwon , Serdar Incekara , Gangil Kwon , Junhyoung Ha

SLOT (Soft Legged Omnidirectional Tetrapod), a tendon-driven soft quadruped robot with 3D-printed TPU legs, is presented to study physics-informed modeling and control of compliant legged locomotion using only four actuators. Each leg is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Saumya Karan , Neerav Maram , Suraj Borate , Madhu Vadali

We propose a mechanically simple and cheap design for a series elastic actuator with controllable stiffness. Such characteristics are necessary for animals for running, jumping, throwing, and manipulation, yet in robots, variable stiffness…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Sajiv Shah , Brad Saund

We present a novel design for a low-cost robotic boat powered by a single actuator, useful for both modular and swarming applications. The boat uses the conservation of angular momentum and passive flippers to convert the motion of a single…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Gedaliah Knizhnik , Mark Yim

Magnetic-responsive composites that consist of soft matrix embedded with hard-magnetic particles have recently been demonstrated as robust soft active materials for fast-transforming actuation. However, the deformation of the functional…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-09-12 Shuai Wu , Qiji Ze , Rundong Zhang , Nan Hu , Yang Cheng , Fengyuan Yang , Ruike Zhao

While its biological significance is well-documented, its application in soft robotics, particularly for the transport of fragile and irregularly shaped objects, remains underexplored. This study presents a modular soft robotic actuator…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Brian Ye , Zhuonan Hao , Priya Shah , Mohammad Khalid Jawed

Soft robots have drawn great interest due to their ability to take on a rich range of shapes and motions, compared to traditional rigid robots. However, the motions, and underlying statics and dynamics, pose significant challenges to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Zhiwu Zheng , Prakhar Kumar , Yenan Chen , Hsin Cheng , Sigurd Wagner , Minjie Chen , Naveen Verma , James C. Sturm

Soft robots achieve functionality through tight coupling among geometry, material composition, and actuation. As a result, effective design optimization requires these three aspects to be considered jointly rather than in isolation. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Vittorio Candiello , Manuel Mekkattu , Mike Y. Michelis , Robert K. Katzschmann

Traditional robots have rigid links and structures that limit their ability to interact with the dynamics of their immediate environment. For example, conventional robot manipulators with rigid links can only manipulate objects using…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Gideon Gbenga Oladipupo

Rigid-bodied robots often lack compliance needed to adapt to unstructured environments, while fully soft robots, though highly adaptable, struggle with scalability and load capacity. In nature, musculoskeletal systems balance strength and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hiroki Kobayashi , Yuki Takaha , Changyoung Yuhn , Yuki Sato , Sunao Tomita , Atsushi Kawamoto , Tsuyoshi Nomura

Many organisms, including various species of spiders and caterpillars, change their shape to switch gaits and adapt to different environments. Recent technological advances, ranging from stretchable circuits to highly deformable soft…

To exploit the compliant capabilities of soft robot arms we require controller which can exploit their physical capabilities. Teleoperation, leveraging a human in the loop, is a key step towards achieving more complex control strategies.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Qinghua Guan , Hung Hon Cheng , Benhui Dai , Josie Hughes

An asymmetric two-link robot supported atop a flat platform by wheels that roll and pivot freely, but do not slip laterally, will develop forward momentum if the joint between the links is actuated internally. In particular, oscillations in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Hamidreza Moradi , Scott David Kelly

Soft robots have attracted much attention in recent years owing to their high adaptability. Long articulated soft robots enable diverse operations, and tip-extending robots that navigate their environment through growth are highly effective…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Tomoya Takahashi , Masahiro Watanabe , Kenjiro Tadakuma , Masashi Konyo , Satoshi Tadokoro

Soft robots are intrinsically capable of adapting to different environments by changing their shape in response to interaction forces with the environment. However, sensing and feedback are still required for higher level decisions and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-10-18 Shibo Zou , Sergio Picella , Jelle de Vries , Vera Kortman , Aimée Sakes , Johannes T. B. Overvelde