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Software engineering presents complex, multi-step challenges for Large Language Models (LLMs), requiring reasoning over large codebases and coordinated tool use. The difficulty of these tasks is exemplified by benchmarks like SWE-bench,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jiahao Yu , Zelei Cheng , Xian Wu , Xinyu Xing

How can Large Language Models (LLMs) be aligned with human intentions and values? A typical solution is to gather human preference on model outputs and finetune the LLMs accordingly while ensuring that updates do not deviate too far from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Hung Le , Quan Tran , Dung Nguyen , Kien Do , Saloni Mittal , Kelechi Ogueji , Svetha Venkatesh

The rapidly increasing capabilities of large language models (LLMs) raise an urgent need to align AI systems with diverse human preferences to simultaneously enhance their usefulness and safety, despite the often conflicting nature of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Zixuan Liu , Xiaolin Sun , Zizhan Zheng

Fine-tuning pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) is essential to align them with human values and intentions. This process often utilizes methods like pairwise comparisons and KL divergence against a reference LLM, focusing on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Yongcheng Zeng , Guoqing Liu , Weiyu Ma , Ning Yang , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

Effective training of language models (LMs) for mathematical reasoning tasks demands high-quality supervised fine-tuning data. Besides obtaining annotations from human experts, a common alternative is sampling from larger and more powerful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Tianduo Wang , Shichen Li , Wei Lu

Efficient preference optimization algorithms such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have become a popular approach in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. These algorithms implicitly treat the LLM as a reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Tong Liu , Xiao Yu , Wenxuan Zhou , Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Conditional image generation enhances text-to-image synthesis with structural, spatial, or stylistic priors, but current methods face challenges in handling conflicts between sources. These include 1) input-level conflicts, where the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Dewei Zhou , Mingwei Li , Zongxin Yang , Yu Lu , Yunqiu Xu , Zhizhong Wang , Zeyi Huang , Yi Yang

Post-training of LLMs with RLHF, and subsequently preference optimization algorithms such as DPO, IPO, etc., made a big difference in improving human alignment. However, all such techniques can only work with a single (human) objective. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Akhil Agnihotri , Rahul Jain , Deepak Ramachandran , Zheng Wen

Aligning text-to-video diffusion models with human preferences is crucial for generating high-quality videos. Existing Direct Preference Otimization (DPO) methods rely on multi-sample ranking and task-specific critic models, which is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zitong Huang , Kaidong Zhang , Yukang Ding , Chao Gao , Rui Ding , Ying Chen , Wangmeng Zuo

Personalization and contextual coherence are two essential components in building effective persona-grounded dialogue systems. These aspects play a crucial role in enhancing user engagement and ensuring responses are more relevant and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Saleh Afzoon , MohammadHossein Ahmadi , Usman Naseem , Amin Beheshti

Translating chart images into executable plotting scripts-referred to as the chart-to-code generation task-requires Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to perform fine-grained visual parsing, precise code synthesis, and robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Zhihan Zhang , Yixin Cao , Lizi Liao

We introduce KodCode, a synthetic dataset that addresses the persistent challenge of acquiring high-quality, verifiable training data across diverse difficulties and domains for training Large Language Models for coding. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zhangchen Xu , Yang Liu , Yueqin Yin , Mingyuan Zhou , Radha Poovendran

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a de-facto approach for aligning language models with human preferences. Recent work has shown DPO's effectiveness relies on training data quality. In particular, clear quality differences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Nirav Diwan , Tolga Ergen , Dongsub Shim , Honglak Lee

Protein sequence design methods have demonstrated strong performance in sequence generation for de novo protein design. However, as the training objective was sequence recovery, it does not guarantee designability--the likelihood that a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Fanglei Xue , Andrew Kubaney , Zhichun Guo , Joseph K. Min , Ge Liu , Yi Yang , David Baker

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across natural language generation tasks, their ability to generate truly creative content-characterized by novelty, diversity, surprise, and quality-remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Mete Ismayilzada , Antonio Laverghetta , Simone A. Luchini , Reet Patel , Antoine Bosselut , Lonneke van der Plas , Roger Beaty

This paper focuses on Code Generation task that aims at generating relevant code fragments according to given natural language descriptions. In the process of software development, developers often encounter two scenarios. One is requested…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Zezhou Yang , Sirong Chen , Cuiyun Gao , Zhenhao Li , Ge Li , Michael Lyu

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is essential for safe and useful LLMs. Previous works mainly adopt reinforcement learning (RLHF) and direct preference optimization (DPO) with human feedback for alignment.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Tianci Xue , Ziqi Wang , Heng Ji

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences in federated learning (FL) is challenging due to decentralized, privacy-sensitive, and highly non-IID preference data. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) offers an efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Kewen Zhu , Liping Yi , Zhiming Zhao , Zhuang Qi , Han Yu , Qinghua Hu

As large language models (LLMs) see greater use in academic and commercial settings, there is increasing interest in methods that allow language models to generate texts aligned with human preferences. In this paper, we present an initial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Victoria Lin , Eli Ben-Michael , Louis-Philippe Morency

Mathematical reasoning presents a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs) as it requires ensuring the correctness of each reasoning step. Researchers have been strengthening the mathematical reasoning abilities of LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yunze Lin