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Large Language Models (LLMs) have the unique capability to understand and generate human-like text from input queries. When fine-tuned, these models show enhanced performance on domain-specific queries. OpenAI highlights the process of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Scott Barnett , Zac Brannelly , Stefanus Kurniawan , Sheng Wong

Deep learning-based Natural Language Processing methods, especially transformers, have achieved impressive performance in the last few years. Applying those state-of-the-art NLP methods to legal activities to automate or simplify some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Saibo Geng , Rémi Lebret , Karl Aberer

Large language models (LLMs) are trained for downstream tasks by updating their parameters (e.g., via RL). However, updating parameters forces them to absorb task-specific information, which can result in catastrophic forgetting and loss of…

The prevailing approach to aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) typically relies on human or AI feedback and assumes access to specific types of preference datasets. In our work, we question the efficacy of such datasets and explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Hao Sun

Pretraining NLP models with variants of Masked Language Model (MLM) objectives has recently led to a significant improvements on many tasks. This paper examines the benefits of pretrained models as a function of the number of training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Sinong Wang , Madian Khabsa , Hao Ma

Transfer learning techniques are particularly useful in NLP tasks where a sizable amount of high-quality annotated data is difficult to obtain. Current approaches directly adapt a pre-trained language model (LM) on in-domain text before…

Most studies on language model pretraining focus on large datasets, leaving open questions about optimization in data-constrained settings. In such settings, the effects of training data order and of including alternative versions of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Matthew Theodore Roque , Dan John Velasco

Large language models (LLMs) acquire substantial world knowledge during pre-training, which is further shaped by post-training techniques such as supervised fine-tuning (SFT). However, the impact of SFT on a model's knowledge remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Junjie Ye , Yuming Yang , Yang Nan , Shuo Li , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan

Generative large language models (LLMs) are a promising alternative to pre-trained language models for entity matching due to their high zero-shot performance and ability to generalize to unseen entities. Existing research on using LLMs for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Aaron Steiner , Ralph Peeters , Christian Bizer

Pre-trained Transformers are challenging human performances in many NLP tasks. The massive datasets used for pre-training seem to be the key to their success on existing tasks. In this paper, we explore how a range of pre-trained Natural…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used as general-purpose AI agents showing comparable performance on many downstream tasks. However, existing work shows that it is challenging for LLMs to integrate structured data (e.g. KG,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Younghun Lee , Sungchul Kim , Tong Yu , Ryan A. Rossi , Xiang Chen

The emergence of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) has achieved tremendous success in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) by learning universal representations on large corpora in a self-supervised manner. The pre-trained models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Peng Liu , Lemei Zhang , Jon Atle Gulla

Large language models are increasingly deployed across diverse applications. This often includes tasks LLMs have not encountered during training. This implies that enumerating and obtaining the high-quality training data for all tasks is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Shambhavi Krishna , Atharva Naik , Chaitali Agarwal , Sudharshan Govindan , Taesung Lee , Haw-Shiuan Chang

Advancements in deep learning have significantly improved model performance across tasks involving code, text, and image processing. However, these models still exhibit notable mispredictions in real-world applications, even when trained on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Ravishka Rathnasuriya

Adapting pre-trained text Large Language Models (LLMs) into Speech Language Models (Speech LMs) via continual pretraining on speech data is promising, but often degrades the original text capabilities. We propose Multimodal Depth Upscaling,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Kazuki Yano , Jun Suzuki , Shinji Watanabe

Large language models (LLMs) are typically developed through large-scale pre-training followed by task-specific fine-tuning. Recent advances highlight the importance of an intermediate mid-training stage, where models undergo multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Kaixiang Mo , Yuxin Shi , Weiwei Weng , Zhiqiang Zhou , Shuman Liu , Haibo Zhang , Anxiang Zeng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into software applications. Downstream application developers often access LLMs through APIs provided as a service. However, LLM APIs are often updated silently and scheduled to be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Wanqin Ma , Chenyang Yang , Christian Kästner

Large language models (LLMs) sometimes fail to respond appropriately to deterministic tasks -- such as counting or forming acronyms -- because the implicit prior distribution they have learned over sequences of tokens influences their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Liyi Zhang , Veniamin Veselovsky , R. Thomas McCoy , Thomas L. Griffiths

Recent Active Learning (AL) approaches in Natural Language Processing (NLP) proposed using off-the-shelf pretrained language models (LMs). In this paper, we argue that these LMs are not adapted effectively to the downstream task during AL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Katerina Margatina , Loïc Barrault , Nikolaos Aletras

Math reasoning has become the poster child of progress in large language models (LLMs), with new models rapidly surpassing human-level performance on benchmarks like MATH and AIME. But as math leaderboards improve week by week, it is worth…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Maggie Huan , Yuetai Li , Tuney Zheng , Xiaoyu Xu , Seungone Kim , Minxin Du , Radha Poovendran , Graham Neubig , Xiang Yue