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Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used as general-purpose AI agents showing comparable performance on many downstream tasks. However, existing work shows that it is challenging for LLMs to integrate structured data (e.g. KG,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Younghun Lee , Sungchul Kim , Tong Yu , Ryan A. Rossi , Xiang Chen

With the great success of ChatGPT, the research of large language models has become increasingly popular. However, the models have several limitations, such as toxicity and pool performance of arithmetic solving. Meanwhile, LLM may have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Yingdi Guo

Large Language models (LLMs) have shown promise as generators of symbolic control policies, producing interpretable program-like representations through iterative search. However, these models are not capable of separating the functional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Carlo Bosio , Matteo Guarrera , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Mark W. Mueller

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle on out-of-domain datasets like healthcare focused text. We explore specialized pre-training to adapt smaller LLMs to different healthcare datasets. Three methods are assessed:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Niall Taylor , Dan Schofield , Andrey Kormilitzin , Dan W Joyce , Alejo Nevado-Holgado

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in production systems, powering applications such as chatbots, summarization, and question answering. Despite their success, controlling the length of their response remains a significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Bradley Butcher , Michael O'Keefe , James Titchener

It is imperative for Large language models (LLMs) to follow instructions with elaborate requirements (i.e. Complex Instructions Following). Yet, it remains under-explored how to enhance the ability of LLMs to follow complex instructions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Qianyu He , Jie Zeng , Qianxi He , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao

Existing domain-specific Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically developed by fine-tuning general-purposed LLMs with large-scale domain-specific corpora. However, training on large-scale corpora often fails to effectively organize domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zhiqiang Liu , Chengtao Gan , Junjie Wang , Yichi Zhang , Zhongpu Bo , Mengshu Sun , Huajun Chen , Wen Zhang

Language models (LMs) are often expected to generate strings in some formal language; for example, structured data, API calls, or code snippets. Although LMs can be tuned to improve their adherence to formal syntax, this does not guarantee…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Terry Koo , Frederick Liu , Luheng He

With the rapid development of natural language processing technology, large-scale language models (LLM) have achieved remarkable results in a variety of tasks. However, how to effectively train these huge models and improve their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Jiajing Chen , Bingying Liu , Xiaoxuan Liao , Jia Gao , Hongye Zheng , Yue Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities but also present risks such as biased content generation and privacy issues. One of the current alignment techniques includes principle-driven integration, but it faces challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yi Luo , Zhenghao Lin , Yuhao Zhang , Jiashuo Sun , Chen Lin , Chengjin Xu , Xiangdong Su , Yelong Shen , Jian Guo , Yeyun Gong

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a key technique for enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs), with policy-gradient algorithms dominating the post-training stage because of their efficiency and effectiveness.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Chang Tian , Matthew B. Blaschko , Mingzhe Xing , Xiuxing Li , Yinliang Yue , Marie-Francine Moens

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered increasing attention in the field of natural language processing, revolutionizing numerous downstream tasks with powerful reasoning and generation abilities. For example, In-Context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Changzhi Zhou , Dandan Song , Yuhang Tian , Zhijing Wu , Hao Wang , Xinyu Zhang , Jun Yang , Ziyi Yang , Shuhao Zhang

Imposing constraints on machine translation systems presents a challenging issue because these systems are not trained to make use of constraints in generating adequate, fluent translations. In this paper, we leverage the capabilities of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Pengcheng Huang , Yongyu Mu , Yuzhang Wu , Bei Li , Chunyang Xiao , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks in recent years. However, their universal nature poses limitations in scenarios requiring personalized responses, such as recommendation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Stanisław Woźniak , Bartłomiej Koptyra , Arkadiusz Janz , Przemysław Kazienko , Jan Kocoń

In recent years, large pre-trained language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to follow instructions and perform novel tasks from a few examples. The possibility to parameterise an LLM through such in-context examples widens their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Imanol Schlag , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Asli Celikyilmaz , Wen-tau Yih , Jason Weston , Jürgen Schmidhuber , Xian Li

The generation of toxic content by large language models (LLMs) remains a critical challenge for the safe deployment of language technology. We propose a novel framework for implicit knowledge editing and controlled text generation by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Tassilo Klein , Moin Nabi

Alignment tuning is crucial for ensuring large language models (LLMs) behave ethically and helpfully. Current alignment approaches require high-quality annotations and significant training resources. This paper proposes a low-cost,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Yuncheng Hua , Lizhen Qu , Zhuang Li , Hao Xue , Flora D. Salim , Gholamreza Haffari

Large language models (LLMs) are predominantly used as evaluators for natural language generation (NLG) tasks, but their application to broader evaluation scenarios remains limited. In this work, we explore the potential of LLMs as general…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jie Meng , Jin Mao

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable advancements by leveraging tools to interact with environments, a critical step toward generalized AI. However, the standard supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approach, which relies on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Sixian Li , Yuming Yang , Zhiheng Xi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan , Zhengyin Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4o can help automate text classification tasks at low cost and scale. However, there are major concerns about the validity and reliability of LLM outputs. By contrast, human coding is generally more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Conrad Borchers , Danielle R. Thomas , Jionghao Lin , Ralph Abboud , Kenneth R. Koedinger