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Watermarks for AI-generated images are meant to support downstream decisions about provenance, manipulation, and trust. In the settings that motivate watermark removal, therefore, success means more than causing the watermark test to fail.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yevin Nikhel Goonatilake , Giuseppe Ateniese

We present the first undetectable watermarking scheme for generative image models. Undetectability ensures that no efficient adversary can distinguish between watermarked and un-watermarked images, even after making many adaptive queries.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Sam Gunn , Xuandong Zhao , Dawn Song

Generative AI raises many societal concerns such as boosting disinformation and propaganda campaigns. Watermarking AI-generated content is a key technology to address these concerns and has been widely deployed in industry. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Zhengyuan Jiang , Moyang Guo , Yuepeng Hu , Jinyuan Jia , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

The rapid growth of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC) raises concerns about the authenticity of digital media. In this context, image self-recovery, reconstructing original content from its manipulated version, offers a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Minyoung Kim , Paul Hongsuck Seo

Watermarking techniques are vital for protecting intellectual property and preventing fraudulent use of media. Most previous watermarking schemes designed for diffusion models embed a secret key in the initial noise. The resulting pattern…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Anubhav Jain , Yuya Kobayashi , Naoki Murata , Yuhta Takida , Takashi Shibuya , Yuki Mitsufuji , Niv Cohen , Nasir Memon , Julian Togelius

Embedding watermarks into the output of generative models is essential for establishing copyright and verifiable ownership over the generated content. Emerging diffusion model watermarking methods either embed watermarks in the frequency…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Yunzhuo Chen , Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Nur Al Hasan Haldar , Ajmal Mian

In the digital economy era, digital watermarking serves as a critical basis for ownership proof of massive replicable content, including AI-generated and other virtual assets. Designing robust watermarks capable of withstanding various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Pei Yang , Yepeng Liu , Kelly Peng , Yuan Gao , Yiren Song

Visible watermark removal which involves watermark cleaning and background content restoration is pivotal to evaluate the resilience of watermarks. Existing deep neural network (DNN)-based models still struggle with large-area watermarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yicheng Leng , Chaowei Fang , Junye Chen , Yixiang Fang , Sheng Li , Guanbin Li

Digital image watermarking is the process of embedding and extracting watermark covertly on a carrier image. Incorporating deep learning networks with image watermarking has attracted increasing attention during recent years. However,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Xin Zhong , Frank Y. Shih

Watermarking is an operation of embedding an information into an image in a way that allows to identify ownership of the image despite applying some distortions on it. In this paper, we presented a novel end-to-end solution for embedding…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Marcin Plata , Piotr Syga

The rapid progress of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has enabled the effortless synthesis of high-quality visual content, while simultaneously raising pressing concerns about intellectual property protection, authenticity, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jie Cao , Qi Li , Zelin Zhang , Jianbing Ni , Rongxing Lu

The advancement of artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) has created a pressing need for robust image watermarking that can withstand both conventional signal processing and novel semantic editing attacks. Current deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yichao Tang , Mingyang Li , Di Miao , Sheng Li , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang

In the expanding field of digital media, maintaining the strength and integrity of watermarking technology is becoming increasingly challenging. This paper, inspired by the Idempotent Generative Network (IGN), explores the prospects of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Kaixin Deng

Watermarking the outputs of generative models has emerged as a promising approach for tracking their provenance. Despite significant interest in autoregressive image generation models and their potential for misuse, no prior work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Nikola Jovanović , Ismail Labiad , Tomáš Souček , Martin Vechev , Pierre Fernandez

Watermarking techniques offer a promising way to identify machine-generated content via embedding covert information into the contents generated from language models (LMs). However, the robustness of the watermarking schemes has not been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Ruibo Chen , Yihan Wu , Junfeng Guo , Heng Huang

The proliferation of AI-generated images has intensified the need for robust content authentication methods. We present InvisMark, a novel watermarking technique designed for high-resolution AI-generated images. Our approach leverages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Rui Xu , Mengya Hu , Deren Lei , Yaxi Li , David Lowe , Alex Gorevski , Mingyu Wang , Emily Ching , Alex Deng

We propose an end-to-end solution, from watermark feature generation to metric design, for effectively demoting watermarked images surfed by a real world image search engine. We use a few fundamental techniques to obtain effective watermark…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Ning Ma , Xin Zhao , Mark Bolin

Digital watermarks can be embedded into AI-generated content (AIGC) by initializing the generation process with starting points sampled from a secret distribution. When combined with pseudorandom error-correcting codes, such watermarked…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 De Zhang Lee , Han Fang , Hanyi Wang , Ee-Chien Chang

Popular methods usually use a degradation model in a supervised way to learn a watermark removal model. However, it is true that reference images are difficult to obtain in the real world, as well as collected images by cameras suffer from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Chunwei Tian , Menghua Zheng , Bo Li , Yanning Zhang , Shichao Zhang , David Zhang

Watermarking has become the tendency in protecting the intellectual property of DNN models. Recent works, from the adversary's perspective, attempted to subvert watermarking mechanisms by designing watermark removal attacks. However, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Shangwei Guo , Tianwei Zhang , Han Qiu , Yi Zeng , Tao Xiang , Yang Liu