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PC-Gym is an open-source tool for developing and evaluating reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms in chemical process control. It features environments that simulate various chemical processes, incorporating nonlinear dynamics,…

This study presents a reinforcement learning (RL)-based control strategy for adaptive lighting regulation in controlled environments using a low-power microcontroller. A model-free Q-learning algorithm was implemented to dynamically adjust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Mohamed Abdallah Salem , Manuel Cuevas Perez , Ahmed Harb Rabia

This paper addresses the dire need for a platform that efficiently provides a framework for running reinforcement learning (RL) experiments. We propose the CaiRL Environment Toolkit as an efficient, compatible, and more sustainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Per-Arne Andersen , Morten Goodwin , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Electric motors are used in many applications and their efficiency is strongly dependent on their control. Among others, PI approaches or model predictive control methods are well-known in the scientific literature and industrial practice.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-22 Arne Traue , Gerrit Book , Wilhelm Kirchgässner , Oliver Wallscheid

Due to the high efficiency and less weather dependency, autonomous greenhouses provide an ideal solution to meet the increasing demand for fresh food. However, managers are faced with some challenges in finding appropriate control…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Wanpeng Zhang , Xiaoyan Cao , Yao Yao , Zhicheng An , Xi Xiao , Dijun Luo

Addressing a real world sequential decision problem with Reinforcement Learning (RL) usually starts with the use of a simulated environment that mimics real conditions. We present a novel open source RL environment for realistic crop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Romain Gautron , Emilio J. Padrón , Philippe Preux , Julien Bigot , Odalric-Ambrym Maillard , David Emukpere

The efficient operation of greenhouses is essential for enhancing crop yield while minimizing energy costs. This paper investigates a control strategy that integrates Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Salim Msaad , Murray Harraway , Robert D. McAllister

We introduce controlgym, a library of thirty-six industrial control settings, and ten infinite-dimensional partial differential equation (PDE)-based control problems. Integrated within the OpenAI Gym/Gymnasium (Gym) framework, controlgym…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-25 Xiangyuan Zhang , Weichao Mao , Saviz Mowlavi , Mouhacine Benosman , Tamer Başar

Reinforcement learning (RL) can provide adaptive and scalable controllers essential for power grid decarbonization. However, RL methods struggle with power grids' complex dynamics, long-horizon goals, and hard physical constraints. For…

In recent years, both reinforcement learning and learning-based control -- as well as the study of their safety, which is crucial for deployment in real-world robots -- have gained significant traction. However, to adequately gauge the…

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the most active fields of AI research. Despite the interest demonstrated by the research community in reinforcement learning, the development methodology still lags behind, with a severe lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Andreas Schuderer , Stefano Bromuri , Marko van Eekelen

Greenhouse environment is the key to influence crops production. However, it is difficult for classical control methods to give precise environment setpoints, such as temperature, humidity, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Tinghao Zhang , Jingxu Li , Jingfeng Li , Ling Wang , Feng Li , Jie Liu

Greenhouse climate control is concerned with maximizing performance in terms of crop yield and resource efficiency. One promising approach is model predictive control (MPC), which leverages a model of the system to optimize the control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-06 Samuel Mallick , Filippo Airaldi , Azita Dabiri , Congcong Sun , Bart De Schutter

Greenhouse is an important protected horticulture system for feeding the world with enough fresh food. However, to maintain an ideal growing climate in a greenhouse requires resources and operational costs. In order to achieve economical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-13 Bernardo Morcego , Wenjie Yin , Sjoerd Boersma , Eldert van Henten , Vicenç Puig , Congcong Sun

Gym-ANM is a Python package that facilitates the design of reinforcement learning (RL) environments that model active network management (ANM) tasks in electricity networks. Here, we describe how to implement new environments and how to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Robin Henry , Damien Ernst

We introduce SLiM-Gym, a Python package for integrating reinforcement learning (RL) with forward-time population genetic simulations. Wright-Fisher evolutionary dynamics offer a tractable framework for modeling populations across discrete…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-24 Niko Zuppas , Bryan C. Carstens

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promising results in active flow control (AFC), yet progress in the field remains difficult to assess as existing studies rely on heterogeneous observation and actuation schemes, numerical setups, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jannis Becktepe , Aleksandra Franz , Nils Thuerey , Sebastian Peitz

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven effective for AI-based building energy management. However, there is a lack of flexible framework to implement RL across various control problems in building energy management. To address this gap, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xilei Dai , Ruotian Chen , Songze Guan , Wen-Tai Li , Chau Yuen

Climate control is crucial for greenhouse production as it directly affects crop growth and resource use. Reinforcement learning (RL) has received increasing attention in this field, but still faces challenges, including limited training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Maxiu Xiao , Jianglin Lan , Jingxin Yu , Weihong Ma , Qiuju Xie , Congcong Sun

Active flow control (AFC) involves manipulating fluid flow over time to achieve a desired performance or efficiency. AFC, as a sequential optimisation task, can benefit from utilising Reinforcement Learning (RL) for dynamic optimisation. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Mosayeb Shams , Ahmed H. Elsheikh
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