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Large Language Models (LLMs) have become instrumental across various applications, with the customization of these models to specific scenarios becoming increasingly critical. System message, a fundamental component of LLMs, is consist of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Yanzhao Qin , Tao Zhang , Tao Zhang , Yanjun Shen , Wenjing Luo , Haoze Sun , Yan Zhang , Yujing Qiao , Weipeng Chen , Zenan Zhou , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

The versatility of large language models (LLMs) led to the creation of diverse benchmarks that thoroughly test a variety of language models' abilities. These benchmarks consist of tens of thousands of examples making evaluation of LLMs very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Felipe Maia Polo , Lucas Weber , Leshem Choshen , Yuekai Sun , Gongjun Xu , Mikhail Yurochkin

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has significantly transformed the field of artificial intelligence, demonstrating remarkable capabilities in natural language processing and moving towards multi-modal functionality.…

While small language models (SLMs) show promises for mobile deployment, their real-world performance and applications on smartphones remains underexplored. We present SlimLM, a series of SLMs optimized for document assistance tasks on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Thang M. Pham , Phat T. Nguyen , Seunghyun Yoon , Viet Dac Lai , Franck Dernoncourt , Trung Bui

Generative AI like the Large Language Models (LLMs) has become more available for the general consumer in recent years. Publicly available services, e.g., ChatGPT, perform token generation on networked cloud server hardware, effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Liam Seymour , Basar Kutukcu , Sabur Baidya

The use of generative AI-based coding assistants like ChatGPT and Github Copilot is a reality in contemporary software development. Many of these tools are provided as remote APIs. Using third-party APIs raises data privacy and security…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Negar Alizadeh , Boris Belchev , Nishant Saurabh , Patricia Kelbert , Fernando Castor

Recent works have highlighted the significance of memory mechanisms in LLM-based agents, which enable them to store observed information and adapt to dynamic environments. However, evaluating their memory capabilities still remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Haoran Tan , Zeyu Zhang , Chen Ma , Xu Chen , Quanyu Dai , Zhenhua Dong

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver powerful AI capabilities but face deployment challenges due to high resource costs and latency, whereas Small Language Models (SLMs) offer efficiency and deployability at the cost of reduced performance.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yi Chen , JiaHao Zhao , HaoHao Han

Large language models are increasingly applied to operational decision-making where the underlying structure is constrained optimization. Existing benchmarks evaluate whether LLMs can formulate optimization problems as solver code, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Joseph Tso , Preston Schmittou , Quan Huynh , Jibran Hutchins

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely evaluated on macro-scale geographic tasks, such as global factual recall, event summarization, and regional reasoning. Yet, their ability to handle hyper-local knowledge remains poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zihan Gao , Yifei Xu , Jacob Thebault-Spieker

Efficient on-device language models around 1 billion parameters are essential for powering low-latency AI applications on mobile and wearable devices. However, achieving strong performance in this model class, while supporting long context…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been emerging as prominent AI models for solving many natural language tasks due to their high performance (e.g., accuracy) and capabilities in generating high-quality responses to the given inputs.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Pasindu Wickramasinghe , Muhammad Shafique

Building on the success of large language models (LLMs), recent advancements such as GPT-4o have enabled real-time speech interactions through LLM-based voice assistants, offering a significantly improved user experience compared to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Yiming Chen , Xianghu Yue , Chen Zhang , Xiaoxue Gao , Robby T. Tan , Haizhou Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have broadened the scope of AI applications. Existing automatic evaluation methodologies for MLLMs are mainly limited in evaluating queries without considering user experiences, inadequately…

The critique capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) is essential for reasoning abilities, which can provide necessary suggestions (e.g., detailed analysis and constructive feedback). Therefore, how to evaluate the critique capacity of…

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of cost-efficient Large Language Models (LLMs) for diverse biomedical tasks spanning both text and image modalities. We evaluated a range of closed-source and open-source LLMs on tasks such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Israt Jahan , Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Chun Peng , Jimmy Huang

This paper presents a systematic review of the infrastructure requirements for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on-device within the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), focusing on both hardware and software…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Jeremy Stephen Gabriel Yee , Pai Chet Ng , Zhengkui Wang , Ian McLoughlin , Aik Beng Ng , Simon See

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising performance across various tasks. However, their autoregressive decoding process poses significant challenges for efficient deployment on existing AI hardware. Quantization alleviates memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Guanxi Lu , Hao Mark Chen , Zhiqiang Que , Wayne Luk , Hongxiang Fan

Large language models (LLMs) perform well on step-by-step reasoning benchmarks such as mathematics and code generation, yet their ability to carry out robust long-horizon planning under realistic constraints remains insufficiently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Petr Anokhin , Roman Khalikov , Stefan Rebrikov , Viktor Volkov , Artyom Sorokin , Vincent Bissonnette

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant potential for advancing fact-checking by leveraging their capabilities in reasoning, evidence retrieval, and explanation generation. However, existing benchmarks fail to comprehensively evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Shuo Yang , Yuqin Dai , Guoqing Wang , Xinran Zheng , Jinfeng Xu , Jinze Li , Zhenzhe Ying , Weiqiang Wang , Edith C. H. Ngai