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Language-image pre-training largely relies on how precisely and thoroughly a text describes its paired image. In practice, however, the contents of an image can be so rich that well describing them requires lengthy captions (e.g., with 10…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Kecheng Zheng , Yifei Zhang , Wei Wu , Fan Lu , Shuailei Ma , Xin Jin , Wei Chen , Yujun Shen

Recently, Probabilistic Language-Image Pre-Training (ProLIP) has been proposed to tackle the multiplicity issue of vision-language (VL) tasks. Despite their success in probabilistic representation learning at a scale, the ProLIP models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Sanghyuk Chun , Sangdoo Yun

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has been the cornerstone for zero-shot classification, text-image retrieval, and text-image generation by aligning image and text modalities. Despite its widespread adoption, a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Beichen Zhang , Pan Zhang , Xiaoyi Dong , Yuhang Zang , Jiaqi Wang

As a pioneering vision-language model, CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) has achieved significant success across various domains and a wide range of downstream vision-language tasks. However, the text encoders in popular CLIP…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Mothilal Asokan , Kebin Wu , Fatima Albreiki

Pre-training techniques have been verified successfully in a variety of NLP tasks in recent years. Despite the widespread use of pre-training models for NLP applications, they almost exclusively focus on text-level manipulation, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Yiheng Xu , Minghao Li , Lei Cui , Shaohan Huang , Furu Wei , Ming Zhou

We address the challenge of representing long captions in vision-language models, such as CLIP. By design these models are limited by fixed, absolute positional encodings, restricting inputs to a maximum of 77 tokens and hindering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Ivona Najdenkoska , Mohammad Mahdi Derakhshani , Yuki M. Asano , Nanne van Noord , Marcel Worring , Cees G. M. Snoek

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP)~\citep{radford2021learning} has emerged as a pivotal model in computer vision and multimodal learning, achieving state-of-the-art performance at aligning visual and textual representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Shaoan Xie , Lingjing Kong , Yujia Zheng , Yu Yao , Zeyu Tang , Eric P. Xing , Guangyi Chen , Kun Zhang

CLIP models learn transferable multi-modal features via image-text contrastive learning on internet-scale data. They are widely used in zero-shot classification, multi-modal retrieval, text-to-image diffusion, and as image encoders in large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Marc-Antoine Lavoie , Anas Mahmoud , Aldo Zaimi , Arsene Fansi Tchango , Steven L. Waslander

There are a thousand ways to caption an image. Contrastive Language Pretraining (CLIP) on the other hand, works by mapping an image and its caption to a single vector -- limiting how well CLIP-like models can represent the diverse ways to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Samuel Lavoie , Polina Kirichenko , Mark Ibrahim , Mahmoud Assran , Andrew Gordon Wilson , Aaron Courville , Nicolas Ballas

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can process text presented as images, yet they often perform worse than when the same content is provided as textual tokens. We systematically diagnose this "modality gap" by evaluating seven MLLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Kaiser Sun , Xiaochuang Yuan , Hongjun Liu , Chen Zhao , Cheng Zhang , Mark Dredze , Fan Bai

Recent methods that integrate spatial layouts with text for document understanding in large language models (LLMs) have shown promising results. A commonly used method is to represent layout information as text tokens and interleave them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhaoqing Zhu , Chuwei Luo , Zirui Shao , Feiyu Gao , Hangdi Xing , Qi Zheng , Ji Zhang

High-quality textual training data is essential for the success of multimodal data processing tasks, yet outputs from image captioning models like BLIP and GIT often contain errors and anomalies that are difficult to rectify using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Elyas Meguellati , Nardiena Pratama , Shazia Sadiq , Gianluca Demartini

Vision-language models like CLIP show impressive ability to align images and text, but their training on short, concise captions makes them struggle with lengthy, detailed descriptions. Recent advances mitigate this challenge by leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chau Truong , Hieu Ta Quang , Dung D. Le

Image-text retrieval (ITR) is a task to retrieve the relevant images/texts, given the query from another modality. The conventional dense retrieval paradigm relies on encoding images and texts into dense representations using dual-stream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Ziyang luo , Pu Zhao , Can Xu , Xiubo Geng , Tao Shen , Chongyang Tao , Jing Ma , Qingwen lin , Daxin Jiang

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has significantly boosted the performance of various vision-language tasks by scaling up the dataset with image-text pairs collected from the web. However, the presence of intrinsic noise and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Kaicheng Yang , Jiankang Deng , Xiang An , Jiawei Li , Ziyong Feng , Jia Guo , Jing Yang , Tongliang Liu

One critical prerequisite for faithful text-to-image generation is the accurate understanding of text inputs. Existing methods leverage the text encoder of the CLIP model to represent input prompts. However, the pre-trained CLIP model can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zhiyu Tan , Mengping Yang , Luozheng Qin , Hao Yang , Ye Qian , Qiang Zhou , Cheng Zhang , Hao Li

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) achieves strong generalization in vision-language tasks by aligning images and texts in a shared embedding space. However, recent findings show that CLIP-like models still underutilize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Weiheng Zhao , Zilong Huang , Jiashi Feng , Xinggang Wang

Previous works show that noisy, web-crawled image-text pairs may limit vision-language pretraining like CLIP and propose learning with synthetic captions as a promising alternative. Our work continues this effort, introducing two simple yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Yanqing Liu , Xianhang Li , Zeyu Wang , Bingchen Zhao , Cihang Xie

While image-text representation learning has become very popular in recent years, existing models tend to lack spatial awareness and have limited direct applicability for dense understanding tasks. For this reason, self-supervised…

Text-rich images, where text serves as the central visual element guiding the overall understanding, are prevalent in real-world applications, such as presentation slides, scanned documents, and webpage snapshots. Tasks involving multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Mengzhao Jia , Wenhao Yu , Kaixin Ma , Tianqing Fang , Zhihan Zhang , Siru Ouyang , Hongming Zhang , Dong Yu , Meng Jiang
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