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Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has demonstrated impressive capabilities in open-vocabulary classification. The class token in the image encoder is trained to capture the global features to distinguish different text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Yuqi Lin , Minghao Chen , Kaipeng Zhang , Hengjia Li , Mingming Li , Zheng Yang , Dongqin Lv , Binbin Lin , Haifeng Liu , Deng Cai

Multi-modal foundation models like OpenFlamingo, LLaVA, and GPT-4 are increasingly used for various real-world tasks. Prior work has shown that these models are highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks on the vision modality. These attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Christian Schlarmann , Naman Deep Singh , Francesco Croce , Matthias Hein

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved notable progress in computational pathology (CPath), the gigapixel scale and spatial heterogeneity of Whole Slide Images (WSIs) continue to pose challenges for multimodal understanding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Fengchun Liu , Songhan Jiang , Linghan Cai , Ziyue Wang , Yongbing Zhang

Contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) models have demonstrated considerable success across various vision-language tasks, such as text-to-image retrieval, where the model is required to effectively process natural language input to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Hyunjae Kim , Seunghyun Yoon , Trung Bui , Handong Zhao , Quan Tran , Franck Dernoncourt , Jaewoo Kang

Recent research has shown that CLIP models struggle with visual reasoning tasks that require grounding compositionality, understanding spatial relationships, or capturing fine-grained details. One natural hypothesis is that the CLIP vision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Siting Li , Pang Wei Koh , Simon Shaolei Du

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP demonstrate strong generalization in zero-shot classification but remain highly vulnerable to adversarial perturbations. Existing methods primarily focus on adversarial fine-tuning or prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Xingyu Zhu , Beier Zhu , Shuo Wang , Kesen Zhao , Hanwang Zhang

Language-supervised vision models have recently attracted great attention in computer vision. A common approach to build such models is to use contrastive learning on paired data across the two modalities, as exemplified by Contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Ryumei Nakada , Halil Ibrahim Gulluk , Zhun Deng , Wenlong Ji , James Zou , Linjun Zhang

Large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot generalization, but adapting them to downstream tasks typically requires costly labeled data. Existing unsupervised self-training methods rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Qian-Wei Wang , Guanghao Meng , Ren Cai , Yaguang Song , Shu-Tao Xia

Despite recent advances, vision-language models trained with standard contrastive objectives still struggle with compositional reasoning -- the ability to understand structured relationships between visual and linguistic elements. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jihoon Kwon , Kyle Min , Jy-yong Sohn

In rapidly evolving field of vision-language models (VLMs), contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) has made significant strides, becoming foundation for various downstream tasks. However, relying on one-to-one (image, text)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Haicheng Wang , Chen Ju , Weixiong Lin , Shuai Xiao , Mengting Chen , Yixuan Huang , Chang Liu , Mingshuai Yao , Jinsong Lan , Ying Chen , Qingwen Liu , Yanfeng Wang

Large-scale multi-modal contrastive pre-training has demonstrated great utility to learn transferable features for a range of downstream tasks by mapping multiple modalities into a shared embedding space. Typically, this has employed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Haoxuan You , Luowei Zhou , Bin Xiao , Noel Codella , Yu Cheng , Ruochen Xu , Shih-Fu Chang , Lu Yuan

The learning objective of vision-language approach of CLIP does not effectively account for the noisy many-to-many correspondences found in web-harvested image captioning datasets, which contributes to its compute and data inefficiency. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Alex Andonian , Shixing Chen , Raffay Hamid

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has become a foundation model and has been applied to various vision and multimodal tasks. However, recent works indicate that CLIP falls short in distinguishing detailed differences in images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yinqi Li , Jiahe Zhao , Hong Chang , Ruibing Hou , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable performance in integrating visual and textual information for tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering. However, these models struggle with compositional generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Ashwath Vaithinathan Aravindan , Abha Jha , Mihir Kulkarni

Generalized Zero-shot Semantic Segmentation aims to segment both seen and unseen categories only under the supervision of the seen ones. To tackle this, existing methods adopt the large-scale Vision Language Models (VLMs) which obtain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Jialei Chen , Daisuke Deguchi , Chenkai Zhang , Xu Zheng , Hiroshi Murase

Vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP have been cherished for their ability to perform zero-shot visual recognition on open-vocabulary concepts. This is achieved by selecting the object category whose textual representation bears the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Shaunak Halbe , Junjiao Tian , K J Joseph , James Seale Smith , Katherine Stevo , Vineeth N Balasubramanian , Zsolt Kira

Extending CLIP models to semantic segmentation remains challenging due to the misalignment between their image-level pre-training objectives and the pixel-level visual understanding required for dense prediction. While prior efforts have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Jinxin Zhou , Jiachen Jiang , Zhihui Zhu

While the Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining(CLIP) model has achieved remarkable success in a variety of downstream vison language understanding tasks, enhancing its capability for fine-grained image-text alignment remains an active…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yicheng Xiao , Yu Chen , Haoxuan Ma , Jiale Hong , Caorui Li , Lingxiang Wu , Haiyun Guo , Jinqiao Wang

Fine-grained image classification is a challenging task due to the large intra-class variance and small inter-class variance, aiming at recognizing hundreds of sub-categories belonging to the same basic-level category. Most existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Xiangteng He , Yuxin Peng

Performant vision-language (VL) models like CLIP represent captions using a single vector. How much information about language is lost in this bottleneck? We first curate CompPrompts, a set of increasingly compositional image captions that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Amita Kamath , Jack Hessel , Kai-Wei Chang
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