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Deep supervised learning has achieved great success in the last decade. However, its deficiencies of dependence on manual labels and vulnerability to attacks have driven people to explore a better solution. As an alternative,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Xiao Liu , Fanjin Zhang , Zhenyu Hou , Zhaoyu Wang , Li Mian , Jing Zhang , Jie Tang

Current supervised cross-domain image retrieval methods can achieve excellent performance. However, the cost of data collection and labeling imposes an intractable barrier to practical deployment in real applications. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Conghui Hu , Gim Hee Lee

While supervised learning has enabled great progress in many applications, unsupervised learning has not seen such widespread adoption, and remains an important and challenging endeavor for artificial intelligence. In this work, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Aaron van den Oord , Yazhe Li , Oriol Vinyals

Contrastive Learning (CL) has been proved to be a powerful self-supervised approach for a wide range of domains, including computer vision and graph representation learning. However, the incremental learning issue of CL has rarely been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Cheng Ji , Jianxin Li , Hao Peng , Jia Wu , Xingcheng Fu , Qingyun Sun , Phillip S. Yu

Supervised contrastive learning (SupCL) has emerged as a prominent approach in representation learning, leveraging both supervised and self-supervised losses. However, achieving an optimal balance between these losses is challenging;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Chungpa Lee , Jeongheon Oh , Kibok Lee , Jy-yong Sohn

Self-supervised learning attempts to learn representations from un-labeled data; it does so via a loss function that encourages the embedding of a point to be close to that of its augmentations. This simple idea performs remarkably well,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Parikshit Bansal , Ali Kavis , Sujay Sanghavi

Contrastive learning and supervised learning have both seen significant progress and success. However, thus far they have largely been treated as two separate objectives, brought together only by having a shared neural network. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Hao Liu , Pieter Abbeel

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has recently shown remarkable results in closing the gap between supervised and unsupervised learning. The idea is to learn robust features that are invariant to distortions of the input data. Despite its…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Bac Nguyen , Stefan Uhlich , Fabien Cardinaux

Self-supervised learning enables networks to learn discriminative features from massive data itself. Most state-of-the-art methods maximize the similarity between two augmentations of one image based on contrastive learning. By utilizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-05 Jidong Ge , Yuxiang Liu , Jie Gui , Lanting Fang , Ming Lin , James Tin-Yau Kwok , LiGuo Huang , Bin Luo

In computer vision, machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of specific visual concepts or training images without retraining from scratch. Studies show that existing approaches often modify the classifier while leaving internal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Anjie Le , Can Peng , Yuyuan Liu , J. Alison Noble

Recent self-supervised models have demonstrated equal or better performance than supervised methods, opening for AI systems to learn visual representations from practically unlimited data. However, these methods are typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Robin Karlsson , Tomoki Hayashi , Keisuke Fujii , Alexander Carballo , Kento Ohtani , Kazuya Takeda

Contrastive representation learning has been outstandingly successful in practice. In this work, we identify two key properties related to the contrastive loss: (1) alignment (closeness) of features from positive pairs, and (2) uniformity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Tongzhou Wang , Phillip Isola

This paper presents Contrastive Reconstruction, ConRec - a self-supervised learning algorithm that obtains image representations by jointly optimizing a contrastive and a self-reconstruction loss. We showcase that state-of-the-art…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Jonas Dippel , Steffen Vogler , Johannes Höhne

Supervised classification has a theoretical optimum, Neural Collapse (NC), yet neither of its two dominant paradigms reaches it in practice. Cross entropy (CE) leaves radial degrees of freedom unconstrained and converges to a degenerate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Panagiotis Koromilas , Theodoros Giannakopoulos , Mihalis A. Nicolaou , Yannis Panagakis

Contrastive learning is a well-established paradigm in representation learning. The standard framework of contrastive learning minimizes the distance between "similar" instances and maximizes the distance between dissimilar ones in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Naghmeh Ghanooni , Barbod Pajoum , Harshit Rawal , Sophie Fellenz , Vo Nguyen Le Duy , Marius Kloft

Learning discriminative image representations plays a vital role in long-tailed image classification because it can ease the classifier learning in imbalanced cases. Given the promising performance contrastive learning has shown recently in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Peng Wang , Kai Han , Xiu-Shen Wei , Lei Zhang , Lei Wang

Self-supervised learning (SSL) approaches have achieved great success when the amount of labeled data is limited. Within SSL, models learn robust feature representations by solving pretext tasks. One such pretext task is contrastive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Jamshid Hassanpour , Vinkle Srivastav , Didier Mutter , Nicolas Padoy

Self-supervised contrastive learning (SSCL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for representation learning and has been studied from multiple perspectives, including mutual information and geometric viewpoints. However, supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Minoh Jeong , Alfred Hero

Unsupervised learning algorithms are beginning to achieve accuracies comparable to their supervised counterparts on benchmark computer vision tasks, but their utility for practical applications has not yet been demonstrated. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Jeremiah W. Johnson , Swathi Hari , Donald Hampton , Hyunju K. Connor , Amy Keesee

Contrastive learning has achieved state-of-the-art performance in various self-supervised learning tasks and even outperforms its supervised counterpart. Despite its empirical success, theoretical understanding of the superiority of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Wenlong Ji , Zhun Deng , Ryumei Nakada , James Zou , Linjun Zhang
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