Related papers: The absolute seawater entropy: Part II. Case studi…

The second law of thermodynamics is discussed and reformulated from a quantum information theoretic perspective for open quantum systems using relative entropy. Specifically, the relative entropy of a quantum state with respect to…

The Alber equation is a phase-averaged second-moment model for the statistics of a sea state, which recently has been attracting renewed attention. We extend it in two ways: firstly, we derive a generalized Alber system starting from a…

There are three ways to conceptualize entropy: entropy as an extensive thermodynamic quantity of physical systems (Clausius, Boltzmann, Gibbs), entropy as a measure for information production of ergodic sources (Shannon), and entropy as a…

In this paper, a method of measuring the entropy is presented. Problems related to the entropy and the heat are also discussed.

The climates of terrestrial planets with a small amount of water on their surface, called land planets, are significantly different from the climates of planets having a large amount of surface water. Land planets have a higher runaway…

We find numerically that the sample to sample fluctuation of the entropy, $\Delta S$, is a tool more sensitive in distinguishing how from high temperature behaviors, than the corresponding fluctuation in the free energy. In 1+1 dimensions…

We derive a generalization of the Second Law of Thermodynamics that uses Bayesian updates to explicitly incorporate the effects of a measurement of a system at some point in its evolution. By allowing an experimenter's knowledge to be…

In this article we study the regularity of the topological and metric entropy of partially hyperbolic flows with two-dimensional center direction. We show that the topological entropy is upper semicontinuous with respect to the flow, and we…

The approaches, based on the negative binomial model for the distribution of duration of the wet periods measured in days, are proposed to the definition of extreme precipitation. This model demonstrates excellent fit with real data and…

While the water molecule is simple, its condensed phase liquid behavior is so complex that no consensus description has emerged despite three centuries of effort. Here we identify features of its behavior that are the most peculiar, hence…

The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy increases (or does not change) by time in an isolated system. As microscopic physical laws are reversible, the origin of irreversibility is not straightforward. Although the outcome of a…

In this paper, the concept of L-algebra is revisited and after that, the article is prepared to deal with the notion of the entropy of an L-algebra. If a set has an L-algebraic structure, it is possible to calculate the degree of…

This paper investigates the initial boundary value problem for a non-stationary one-dimensional heat equation that simulates the temperature distribution in freshwater ice near the Earth's poles. The mathematical model has been constructed…

The past decade or so has witnessed a large number of articles about water structure. The most incisive experiments involve radiation with a wavelength compatible with the observed inter-molecular separations found in water, of order $\sim…

Modern day studies of wind-driven sea waves are usually focused on wind forcing rather than on the effect of resonant nonlinear wave interactions. The authors assume that these effects are dominating and propose a simple relationship…

The notion of entropy appears in many fields and this paper is a survey about entropies in several branches of Mathematics. We are mainly concerned with the topological and the algebraic entropy in the context of continuous endomorphisms of…

Turbulence is indispensable to redistribute nutrients for all life forms larger than microbial, on land and in the ocean. Yet, the development of deep-sea turbulence was not studied in three dimensions to date. As a disproportionate…

In classical Hamiltonian theories, entropy may be understood either as a statistical property of canonical systems, or as a mechanical property, that is, as a monotonic function of the phase space along trajectories. In classical mechanics,…

Entropy is the measure of uncertainty in any data and is adopted for maximisation of mutual information in many remote sensing operations. The availability of wide entropy variations motivated us for an investigation over the suitability…

Many important processes affecting the Earth's climate are determined by the physical properties of seawater. Desalination of seawater is a significant source of drinking wate.Since the physical properties of seawater governing these…