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In this paper we describe a learned method of traffic scene generation designed to simulate the output of the perception system of a self-driving car. In our "Scene Diffusion" system, inspired by latent diffusion, we use a novel combination…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Ethan Pronovost , Kai Wang , Nick Roy

Simulation-based testing is widely used to assess the reliability of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS), but its effectiveness is limited by the operational design domain (ODD) conditions available in such simulators. To address this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Luciano Baresi , Davide Yi Xian Hu , Andrea Stocco , Paolo Tonella

Scenario-based testing is becoming increasingly important in safety assurance for automated driving. However, comprehensive and sufficiently complete coverage of the scenario space requires significant effort and resources if using only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Christoph Glasmacher , Michael Schuldes , Hendrik Weber , Nicolas Wagener , Lutz Eckstein

Driving information and data under potential vehicle crashes create opportunities for extensive real-world observations of driver behaviors and relevant factors that significantly influence the driving safety in emergency scenarios.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-30 Liqun Peng , Miguel Angel Sotelo , Yi He , Yunfei Ai , Zhixiong Li

Verifying highly automated driving functions can be challenging, requiring identifying relevant test scenarios. Scenario-based testing will likely play a significant role in verifying these systems, predominantly occurring within…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Maximilian Zipfl , Barbara Schütt , J. Marius Zöllner

Realistic and diverse traffic scenarios in large quantities are crucial for the development and validation of autonomous driving systems. However, owing to numerous difficulties in the data collection process and the reliance on intensive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shuo Sun , Zekai Gu , Tianchen Sun , Jiawei Sun , Chengran Yuan , Yuhang Han , Dongen Li , Marcelo H. Ang

This paper addresses the problem of human-based driver support. Nowadays, driver support systems help users to operate safely in many driving situations. Nevertheless, these systems do not fully use the rich information that is available…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Tim Puphal , Benedict Flade , Matti Krüger , Ryohei Hirano , Akihito Kimata

Realistic and controllable traffic simulation is a core capability that is necessary to accelerate autonomous vehicle (AV) development. However, current approaches for controlling learning-based traffic models require significant domain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Ziyuan Zhong , Davis Rempe , Yuxiao Chen , Boris Ivanovic , Yulong Cao , Danfei Xu , Marco Pavone , Baishakhi Ray

Data-driven simulation has become a favorable way to train and test autonomous driving algorithms. The idea of replacing the actual environment with a learned simulator has also been explored in model-based reinforcement learning in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Zhejun Zhang , Alexander Liniger , Dengxin Dai , Fisher Yu , Luc Van Gool

Developing safety and efficiency applications for Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) require a great deal of testing and evaluation. The need for the operation of these systems in critical and dangerous situations makes the burden of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Ahura Jami , Mahdi Razzaghpour , Hussein Alnuweiri , Yaser P. Fallah

The exploration of high-speed movement by robots or road traffic agents is crucial for autonomous driving and navigation. Trajectory prediction at high speeds requires considering historical features and interactions with surrounding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yao Liu , Ruoyu Wang , Yuanjiang Cao , Quan Z. Sheng , Lina Yao

Autonomous vehicles hold great promise in improving the future of transportation. The driving models used in these vehicles are based on neural networks, which can be difficult to validate. However, ensuring the safety of these models is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Maximilian Zipfl , Sven Spickermann , J. Marius Zöllner

This paper presents a scenario generation framework that creates diverse, parametrized, and safety-critical driving situations to validate the safety features of autonomous vehicles in simulation [15]. By modeling factors such as road…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Kiruthiga Chandra Shekar , Aliasghar Moj Arab

Autonomous driving requires reasoning about interactions with surrounding traffic. A prevailing approach is large-scale imitation learning on expert driving datasets, aimed at generalizing across diverse real-world scenarios. For online…

Generating adversarial safety-critical scenarios is a pivotal method for testing autonomous driving systems, as it identifies potential weaknesses and enhances system robustness and reliability. However, existing approaches predominantly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yukuan Yang , Xucheng Lu , Zhili Zhang , Zepeng Wu , Guoqi Li , Lingzhong Meng , Yunzhi Xue

By framing reinforcement learning as a sequence modeling problem, recent work has enabled the use of generative models, such as diffusion models, for planning. While these models are effective in predicting long-horizon state trajectories…

Trajectory prediction is a key element of autonomous vehicle systems, enabling them to anticipate and react to the movements of other road users. Evaluating the robustness of prediction models against adversarial attacks is essential to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Julian F. Schumann , Jeroen Hagenus , Frederik Baymler Mathiesen , Arkady Zgonnikov

Given the promising future of autonomous vehicles, it is foreseeable that self-driving cars will soon emerge as the predominant mode of transportation. While autonomous vehicles offer enhanced efficiency, they remain vulnerable to external…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Saurav Silwal , Lu Gao , Ph. D. Yunpeng Zhang , Ph. D. Ahmed Senouci , Ph. D. Yi-Lung Mo , Ph. D. , P. E

As self-driving systems become better, simulating scenarios where the autonomy stack may fail becomes more important. Traditionally, those scenarios are generated for a few scenes with respect to the planning module that takes ground-truth…

This paper addresses the challenge of ensuring realistic traffic conditions by proposing a methodology that systematically identifies traffic simulation requirements. Using a structured approach based on sub-goals in each study phase,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Sven Tarlowski , Lutz Eckstein
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