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Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computation on encrypted data, and hence it has a great potential in privacy-preserving outsourcing of computations to the cloud. Hardware acceleration of HE is crucial as software implementations are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Ahmet Can Mert , Aikata , Sunmin Kwon , Youngsam Shin , Donghoon Yoo , Yongwoo Lee , Sujoy Sinha Roy

The migration of computation to the cloud has raised concerns regarding the security and privacy of sensitive data, as their need to be decrypted before processing, renders them susceptible to potential breaches. Fully Homomorphic…

In this paper, we present the first multi-modal FHE accelerator based on a unified architecture, which efficiently supports CKKS, TFHE, and their conversion scheme within a single accelerator. To achieve this goal, we first analyze the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xianglong Deng , Shengyu Fan , Zhicheng Hu , Zhuoyu Tian , Zihao Yang , Jiangrui Yu , Dingyuan Cao , Dan Meng , Rui Hou , Meng Li , Qian Lou , Mingzhe Zhang

With the increasing awareness of privacy protection and data fragmentation problem, federated learning has been emerging as a new paradigm of machine learning. Federated learning tends to utilize various privacy preserving mechanisms to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Zhaoxiong Yang , Shuihai Hu , Kai Chen

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) has recently attracted significant attention as both a cryptographic primitive and a systems challenge. Given the latest advances in accelerated computing, FHE presents a promising opportunity for…

Polynomial multiplication is fundamental in lattice-based cryptography. While the Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) enables fast multiplication, it imposes constraints on the modulus of the coefficient field. Hafiz et al. (2025) addressed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sakura Oku , Momonari Kudo

NVIDIA Tensor Cores and AMD Matrix Cores (together called Matrix Accelerators) are of growing interest in high-performance computing and machine learning owing to their high performance. Unfortunately, their numerical behaviors are not…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Xinyi Li , Ang Li , Bo Fang , Katarzyna Swirydowicz , Ignacio Laguna , Ganesh Gopalakrishnan

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is one of the most promising technologies for privacy protection as it allows an arbitrary number of function computations over encrypted data. However, the computational cost of these FHE systems limits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Toufique Morshed , Md Momin Al Aziz , Noman Mohammed

The widespread adoption of cloud-based solutions introduces privacy and security concerns. Techniques such as homomorphic encryption (HE) mitigate this problem by allowing computation over encrypted data without the need for decryption.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Mpoki Mwaisela , Joel Hari , Peterson Yuhala , Jämes Ménétrey , Pascal Felber , Valerio Schiavoni

As the demand for privacy-preserving computation continues to grow, fully homomorphic encryption (FHE)-which enables continuous computation on encrypted data-has become a critical solution. However, its adoption is hindered by significant…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Sungwoong Yune , Hyojeong Lee , Adiwena Putra , Hyunjun Cho , Cuong Duong Manh , Jaeho Jeon , Joo-Young Kim

The recursive quad-tree partitioning in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) incurs considerable computational overhead, with exhaustive rate-distortion optimization for CTU partition prediction consuming the dominant share of encoding time.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Krishna Kumar Sharma , Somdyuti Paul

Hybrid vision transformers combine the elements of conventional neural networks (NN) and vision transformers (ViT) to enable lightweight and accurate detection. However, several challenges remain for their efficient deployment on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Joren Dumoulin , Pouya Houshmand , Vikram Jain , Marian Verhelst

Multimedia contents are inherently sensitive signals that must be protected whenever they are outsourced to an untrusted environment. This problem becomes a challenge when the untrusted environment must perform some processing on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Alberto Pedrouzo-Ulloa , Juan Ramón Troncoso-Pastoriza , Fernando Pérez-González

With the rapid advancement of quantum computing technology, post-quantum cryptography (PQC) has emerged as a pivotal direction for next-generation encryption standards. Among these, lattice-based cryptographic schemes rely heavily on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Hengyu Ding , Houran Ji , Jia Li , Jinhang Chen , Chin-Wing Sham , Yao Wang

As machine learning (ML) permeates fields like healthcare, facial recognition, and blockchain, the need to protect sensitive data intensifies. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows inference on encrypted data, preserving the privacy of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Jianming Tong , Jingtian Dang , Anupam Golder , Callie Hao , Arijit Raychowdhury , Tushar Krishna

Neural Network designs are quite diverse, from VGG-style to ResNet-style, and from Convolutional Neural Networks to Transformers. Towards the design of efficient accelerators, many works have adopted a dataflow-based, inter-layer pipelined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Zhewen Yu , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

With the rapid advancement of AI technology, we have seen more and more concerns on data privacy, leading to some cutting-edge research on machine learning with encrypted computation. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a crucial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Longfei Guo , Pengbo Li , Ting Gao , Yonghai Zhong , Haojie Fan , Jinqiao Duan

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a cryptographic method that guarantees the privacy and security of user data during computation. FHE algorithms can perform unlimited arithmetic computations directly on encrypted data without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Charles Gouert , Vinu Joseph , Steven Dalton , Cedric Augonnet , Michael Garland , Nektarios Georgios Tsoutsos

Transformer-based language models utilize the attention mechanism for substantial performance improvements in almost all natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Similar attention structures are also extensively studied in several other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Nurullah Sevim , Ege Ozan Özyedek , Furkan Şahinuç , Aykut Koç

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables the processing of encrypted data without decrypting it. FHE has garnered significant attention over the past decade as it supports secure outsourcing of data processing to remote cloud services.…