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Multivariate time series forecasting has been widely used in various practical scenarios. Recently, Transformer-based models have shown significant potential in forecasting tasks due to the capture of long-range dependencies. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Zhe Li , Zhongwen Rao , Lujia Pan , Zenglin Xu

Multivariate long-term time series forecasting is of great application across many domains, such as energy consumption and weather forecasting. With the development of transformer-based methods, the performance of multivariate long-term…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Zheng Sun , Yi Wei , Wenxiao Jia , Long Yu

Causal Transformers are trained to predict the next token for a given context. While it is widely accepted that self-attention is crucial for encoding the causal structure of sequences, the precise underlying mechanism behind this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-04 Michael E. Sander , Gabriel Peyré

Most existing multivariate time series forecasting methods adopt an all-to-all paradigm that feeds all variable histories into a unified model to predict their future values without distinguishing their individual roles. However, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Xingyu Zhang , Hanyun Du , Zeen Song , Siyu Zhao , Changwen Zheng , Wenwen Qiang

Transformers have demonstrated impressive strength in long-term series forecasting. Existing prediction research mostly focused on mapping past short sub-series (lookback window) to future series (forecast window). The longer training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Julong Young , Junhui Chen , Feihu Huang , Jian Peng

In machine learning, effective modeling requires a holistic consideration of how to encode inputs, make predictions (i.e., decoding), and train the model. However, in time-series forecasting, prior work has predominantly focused on encoder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jaebin Lee , Hankook Lee

Transformers have become the dominant architecture for sequence modeling tasks such as natural language processing or audio processing, and they are now even considered for tasks that are not naturally sequential such as image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jorg Bornschein , Yazhe Li , Amal Rannen-Triki

Long-term time-series forecasting (LTTF) has become a pressing demand in many applications, such as wind power supply planning. Transformer models have been adopted to deliver high prediction capacity because of the high computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Yan Li , Xinjiang Lu , Haoyi Xiong , Jian Tang , Jiantao Su , Bo Jin , Dejing Dou

In the past few years, time series foundation models have achieved superior predicting accuracy. However, real-world time series often exhibit significant diversity in their temporal patterns across different time spans and domains, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Aobo Liang , Yan Sun , Xiaohou Shi , Ke Li

We introduce a novel framework for temporal causal discovery and inference that addresses two key challenges: complex nonlinear dependencies and spurious correlations. Our approach employs a multi-layer Transformer-based time-series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Jihua Huang , Yi Yao , Ajay Divakaran

Time series forecasting is a key component in many industrial and business decision processes and recurrent neural network (RNN) based models have achieved impressive progress on various time series forecasting tasks. However, most of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Zekai Chen , Jiaze E , Xiao Zhang , Hao Sheng , Xiuzheng Cheng

Various modifications of TRANSFORMER were recently used to solve time-series forecasting problem. We propose Query Selector - an efficient, deterministic algorithm for sparse attention matrix. Experiments show it achieves state-of-the art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Jacek Klimek , Jakub Klimek , Witold Kraskiewicz , Mateusz Topolewski

Recently, there has been a growing interest in Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF), which involves predicting long-term future values by analyzing a large amount of historical time-series data to identify patterns and trends. There…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Aitian Ma , Dongsheng Luo , Mo Sha

Transformer-based methods have shown great potential in long-term time series forecasting. However, most of these methods adopt the standard point-wise self-attention mechanism, which not only becomes intractable for long-term forecasting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Dazhao Du , Bing Su , Zhewei Wei

Time series forecasting is critical across multiple domains, where time series data exhibit both local patterns and global dependencies. While Transformer-based methods effectively capture global dependencies, they often overlook short-term…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Wenjie Ou , Zhishuo Zhao , Cheng Chen , Dongyue Guo , Yi Lin

Real-world time series data are inherently multivariate, often exhibiting complex inter-channel dependencies. Each channel is typically sampled at its own period and is prone to missing values due to various practical and operational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jinkwan Jang , Hyungjin Park , Jinmyeong Choi , Taesup Kim

The estimation of time-varying quantities is a fundamental component of decision making in fields such as healthcare and finance. However, the practical utility of such estimates is limited by how accurately they quantify predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Alexandre Drouin , Étienne Marcotte , Nicolas Chapados

Transformer-based models have emerged as powerful tools for multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF). However, existing Transformer models often fall short of capturing both intricate dependencies across variate and temporal dimensions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Juncheng Liu , Chenghao Liu , Gerald Woo , Yiwei Wang , Bryan Hooi , Caiming Xiong , Doyen Sahoo

Time series forecasting is prevalent in extensive real-world applications, such as financial analysis and energy planning. Previous studies primarily focus on time series modality, endeavoring to capture the intricate variations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jiaxiang Dong , Haixu Wu , Yuxuan Wang , Li Zhang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Recurrent Neural Networks were, until recently, one of the best ways to capture the timely dependencies in sequences. However, with the introduction of the Transformer, it has been proven that an architecture with only attention-mechanisms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Radostin Cholakov , Todor Kolev