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Related papers: Controlled Gates in the Clifford Hierarchy

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The Clifford group is the set of gates generated by controlled-Z gates, the phase gate and the Hadamard gate. We will say that a n-qubit state is a Clifford state if it can be prepared using Clifford gates. These states are known as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-03 Frederic Latour , Oscar Perdomo

Kliuchnikov, Maslov, and Mosca proved in 2012 that a $2\times 2$ unitary matrix $V$ can be exactly represented by a single-qubit Clifford+$T$ circuit if and only if the entries of $V$ belong to the ring $\mathbb{Z}[1/\sqrt{2},i]$. Later…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-08 Matthew Amy , Andrew N. Glaudell , Neil J. Ross

Farinholt gives a characterization of Clifford operators for qudits; d both odd and even. In this comment it is shown that the necessary gates for the construction of Clifford operators; N both odd and even, are obtained directly from…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-11-13 Howard J. Schnitzer

One of the key challenges in quantum information is coherently manipulating the quantum state. However, it is an outstanding question whether control can be realized with low error. Only gates from the Clifford group -- containing $\pi$,…

Future quantum devices often rely on favourable scaling with respect to the system components. To achieve desirable scaling, it is therefore crucial to implement unitary transformations in an efficient manner. We develop an upper bound for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-13 Christian Arenz , Herschel Rabitz

To guarantee the normal functioning of quantum devices in different scenarios, appropriate benchmarking tool kits are quite significant. Inspired by the recent progress on quantum state verification, here we establish a general framework of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Pei Zeng , You Zhou , Zhenhuan Liu

We developed a general framework for synthesizing target gates by using a finite set of basic gates, which is a crucial step in quantum compilation. When approximating a gate in SU($n$), a naive brute-force search requires a computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Soichiro Yamazaki , Seiseki Akibue

We study the resources required to achieve universal quantum computing via the gate sets that provide the fundamental instructions from which quantum algorithms are built. While single-gate universal sets are known, they rely on precisely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Robin Kaarsgaard

We introduce a characterisation scheme for a universal qutrit gate set. Motivated by the rising interest in qutrit systems, we apply our criteria to establish that our hyperdihedral group underpins a scheme to characterise the performance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-31 David Amaro-Alcalá , Barry C. Sanders , Hubert de Guise

We introduce the magic hierarchy, a quantum circuit model that alternates between arbitrary-sized Clifford circuits and constant-depth circuits with two-qubit gates ($\textsf{QNC}^0$). This model unifies existing circuit models, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 Natalie Parham

Though Cliffords and matchgates are both examples of classically simulable circuits, they are considered simulable for different reasons. The celebrated Gottesman-Knill explains the simulability Cliffords, and the efficient simulability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Andrew M. Projansky , Jason Necaise , James D. Whitfield

We show that with the assistance of a third level of the qubits an n-qubit phase gate can be constructed from $2n-4$ two-qutrit conditional swap gates, a single qutrit-qubit controlled phase gate, and two single-qutrit operations. Unlike…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-20 Shi Biao Zheng

Clifford gates play a role in the optimisation of Clifford+T circuits. Reducing the count and the depth of Clifford gates, as well as the optimal scheduling of T gates, influence the hardware and the time costs of executing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 Alexandru Paler , Robert Basmadjian

We show that it is possible to reduce the number of two-qubit gates needed for the construction of an arbitrary controlled-unitary transformation by up to two times using a tunable controlled-phase gate. On the platform of linear optics,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-22 Karel Lemr , Karol Bartkiewicz , Antonín Černoch , Miloslav Dušek , Jan Soubusta

The ability to implement any desired quantum logic gate on a quantum processing unit is equivalent to evolution-operator controllability of the qubits. Conversely, controllability analysis can be used to minimize the resources, i.e., the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Fernando Gago-Encinas , Monika Leibscher , Christiane P. Koch

Explicit controlled-NOT gate sequences between two qubits of different types are presented in view of applications for large-scale quantum computation. Here, the building blocks for such composite systems are qubits based on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-14 E. Ferraro , M. Fanciulli , M. De Michielis

The Clifford hierarchy is a fundamental structure in quantum computation whose mathematical properties are not fully understood. In this work, we characterize permutation gates -- unitaries which permute the $2^n$ basis states -- in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Zhiyang He , Luke Robitaille , Xinyu Tan

We describe a mechanism for realizing a controlled phase gate for solid-state charge qubits. By augmenting the positionally defined qubit with an auxiliary state, and changing the charge distribution in the three-dot system, we are able to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. G. Schirmer , D. K. L. Oi , A. D. Greentree

Qubits encoded in a decoherence-free subsystem and realized in exchange-coupled silicon quantum dots are promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Benefits of this approach include excellent coherence, low control…

A popular universal gate set for quantum computing with qubits is Clifford+T, as this can be readily implemented on many fault-tolerant architectures. For qutrits, there is an equivalent T gate, that, like its qubit analogue, makes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 Andrew Glaudell , Neil J. Ross , John van de Wetering , Lia Yeh