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Background: Code reviewing is an essential part of software development to ensure software quality. However, the abundance of review tasks and the intensity of the workload for reviewers negatively impact the quality of the reviews. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Shadikur Rahman , Umme Ayman Koana , Maleknaz Nayebi

Code review is a crucial process before deploying code to production, as it validates the code, provides suggestions for improvements, and identifies errors such as missed edge cases. In projects with regular production releases, the effort…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Jahnavi Kumar , Sridhar Chimalakonda

In the pull-based development model, code contributions are submitted as pull requests (PRs) to undergo reviews and approval by other developers with the goal of being merged into the code base. A PR can be supported by a description, whose…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shirin Pirouzkhah , Pavlína Wurzel Gonçalves , Alberto Bacchelli

Understanding the reasons behind past code changes is critical for many software engineering tasks, including refactoring and reviewing code, diagnosing bugs, and implementing new features. Unfortunately, locating and reconstructing this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mehedi Sun , Antu Saha , Nadeeshan De Silva , Antonio Mastropaolo , Oscar Chaparro

Formal verification of a software system relies on formalising the requirements to which it should adhere, which can be challenging. While formalising requirements from natural-language, we have dependencies that lead to duplication of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Matt Luckcuck , Marie Farrell , Oisín Sheridan

Code reuse is a widespread practice across software development projects, suggesting an inherent trust in the reused code. Yet, there is a lack of a fundamental understanding of developers' trust and how various factors mold their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Sara Yabesi , Mahta Amini , Jelena Ristic , Zohreh Sharafi

This paper reports an empirical study on refactoring activity in three Java software systems. We investigated some questions on refactoring activity, to confirm or disagree on conclusions that have been drawn from previous empirical…

Code review is a popular practice where developers critique each others' changes. Since automated builds can identify low-level issues (e.g., syntactic errors, regression bugs), it is not uncommon for software organizations to incorporate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Rungroj Maipradit , Dong Wang , Patanamon Thongtanunam , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Yasutaka Kamei , Shane McIntosh

Quantum computing is no longer only a scientific interest but is rapidly becoming an industrially available technology that can potentially overcome the limits of classical computation. Over the last years, all major companies have provided…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Manuel De Stefano , Fabiano Pecorelli , Dario Di Nucci , Fabio Palomba , Andrea De Lucia

Test smells arise from poor design practices and insufficient domain knowledge, which can lower the quality of test code and make it harder to maintain and update. Manually refactoring test smells is time-consuming and error-prone,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yi Gao , Xing Hu , Xiaohu Yang , Xin Xia

We present Lean Refactor, a plug-and-play retrieval-augmented agentic framework for multi-objective, controllable, and version-robust refactoring of Lean proofs. LLM-generated proofs are notoriously correct-but-verbose and brittle across…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jialin Lu , Soonho Kong , Rodrigo Stehling , Kaiyu Yang , Zhangyang Wang , Weiran Sun , Wuyang Chen

Large foundation models are fundamentally transforming the software engineering landscape, demonstrating exceptional capabilities across diverse tasks such as code generation, debugging, and testing. Despite this rapid progress, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shuzheng Gao , Eric John Li , Man Ho Lam , Jingyu Xiao , Yuxuan Wan , Chaozheng Wang , Ng Man Tik , Michael R. Lyu

Software refactoring is the process of changing the structure of software without any alteration in its behavior and functionality. Presuming it is carried out in appropriate opportunities, refactoring enhances software quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Hanieh Khosravi , Abbas Rasoolzadegan

Refactoring is a change made to the internal structure of software to make it easier to understand and cheaper to modify without changing its observable behaviour. A database refactoring is a small change to the database schema which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2010-09-09 Patrick O'Beirne

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have become widely popular and widely used in various software engineering tasks such as refactoring, testing, code review, and program comprehension. Although recent studies have examined the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Luo Xu , Sofia Martinez , Anthony Peruma , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Christian D. Newman , Ali Ouni

The automation of code review has been tackled by several researchers with the goal of reducing its cost. The adoption of deep learning in software engineering pushed the automation to new boundaries, with techniques imitating developers in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Rosalia Tufano , Ozren Dabić , Antonio Mastropaolo , Matteo Ciniselli , Gabriele Bavota

Code refinement aims to enhance existing code by addressing issues, refactoring, and optimizing to improve quality and meet specific requirements. As software projects scale in size and complexity, the traditional iterative exchange between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Qi Guo , Xiaofei Xie , Shangqing Liu , Ming Hu , Xiaohong Li , Lei Bu

Background: One of the most important current challenges of Software Engineering (SE) research is to provide relevant evidence to practice. In health related fields, Rapid Reviews (RRs) have shown to be an effective method to achieve that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Bruno Cartaxo , Gustavo Pinto , Baldoino Fonseca , Márcio Ribeiro , Pedro Pinheiro , Sergio Soares , Maria Teresa Baldassarre

Docker, the industry standard for packaging and deploying applications, leverages Infrastructure as Code (IaC) principles to facilitate the creation of images through Dockerfiles. However, maintaining Dockerfiles presents significant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Emna Ksontini , Meriem Mastouri , Rania Khalsi , Wael Kessentini

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs), make it potentially feasible to automatically refactor source code with LLMs. However, it remains unclear how well LLMs perform compared to human experts in conducting refactorings…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Bo Liu , Yanjie Jiang , Yuxia Zhang , Nan Niu , Guangjie Li , Hui Liu