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Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a challenge task that combines natural language processing and computer vision techniques and gradually becomes a benchmark test task in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). The goal of our survey is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Jiayi Kuang , Jingyou Xie , Haohao Luo , Ronghao Li , Zhe Xu , Xianfeng Cheng , Yinghui Li , Xika Lin , Ying Shen

Visual grounding seeks to localize the image region corresponding to a free-form text description. Recently, the strong multimodal capabilities of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have driven substantial improvements in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Seil Kang , Jinyeong Kim , Junhyeok Kim , Seong Jae Hwang

During the last decade, Natural Language Processing has become, after Computer Vision, the second field of Artificial Intelligence that was massively changed by the advent of Deep Learning. Regardless of the architecture, the language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Adrian M. P. Braşoveanu , Răzvan Andonie

Current large vision-language models (LVLMs) typically employ a connector module to link visual features with text embeddings of large language models (LLMs) and use end-to-end training to achieve multi-modal understanding in a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zixian Guo , Ming Liu , Qilong Wang , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai , Lei Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo

Recent studies suggest that transformer-based vision-language models (VLMs) capture the multimodality of concept processing in the human brain. However, a systematic evaluation exploring different types of VLM architectures and the role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Anna Bavaresco , Marianne de Heer Kloots , Sandro Pezzelle , Raquel Fernández

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel in integrating visual and textual information for vision-centric tasks, but their handling of inconsistencies between modalities is underexplored. We investigate VLMs' modality preferences when faced with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Ailin Deng , Tri Cao , Zhirui Chen , Bryan Hooi

Visual language is a system of communication that conveys information through symbols, shapes, and spatial arrangements. Diagrams are a typical example of a visual language depicting complex concepts and their relationships in the form of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yifan Hou , Buse Giledereli , Yilei Tu , Mrinmaya Sachan

Recent Transformer-based large-scale pre-trained models have revolutionized vision-and-language (V+L) research. Models such as ViLBERT, LXMERT and UNITER have significantly lifted state of the art across a wide range of V+L benchmarks with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Jize Cao , Zhe Gan , Yu Cheng , Licheng Yu , Yen-Chun Chen , Jingjing Liu

This thesis report studies methods to solve Visual Question-Answering (VQA) tasks with a Deep Learning framework. As a preliminary step, we explore Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) to tackle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Issey Masuda , Santiago Pascual de la Puente , Xavier Giro-i-Nieto

Vision-language models are integral to computer vision research, yet many high-performing models remain closed-source, obscuring their data, design and training recipe. The research community has responded by using distillation from…

In natural language processing (NLP), text classification tasks are increasingly fine-grained, as datasets are fragmented into a larger number of classes that are more difficult to differentiate from one another. As a consequence, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Munkhtulga Battogtokh , Yiwen Xing , Cosmin Davidescu , Alfie Abdul-Rahman , Michael Luck , Rita Borgo

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) leverage aligned visual encoders to transform images into visual tokens, allowing them to be processed similarly to text by the backbone large language model (LLM). This unified input paradigm enables VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Bangzheng Li , Fei Wang , Wenxuan Zhou , Nan Xu , Ben Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive results in various vision-language tasks. However, despite showing promising performance, LVLMs suffer from hallucinations caused by language bias, leading to diminished focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haozhe Zhao , Shuzheng Si , Liang Chen , Yichi Zhang , Maosong Sun , Mingjia Zhang , Baobao Chang

Understanding images and text together is an important aspect of cognition and building advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. As a community, we have achieved good benchmarks over language and vision domains separately, however…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Shailaja Keyur Sampat , Yezhou Yang , Chitta Baral

This paper presents several novel findings on the explainability of vision reflection in large multimodal models (LMMs). First, we show that prompting an LMM to verify the prediction of a specialized vision model can improve recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Guoyuan An , JaeYoon Kim , SungEui Yoon

Advances in deep learning have greatly widened the scope of automatic computer vision algorithms and enable users to ask questions directly about the content in images and video. This paper explores the necessary steps towards a future…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Sanjay Krishnan , Adam Dziedzic , Aaron J. Elmore

The swift progress of Multi-modal Large Models (MLLMs) has showcased their impressive ability to tackle tasks blending vision and language. Yet, most current models and benchmarks cater to scenarios with a narrow scope of visual and textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Chenyu Zhou , Mengdan Zhang , Peixian Chen , Chaoyou Fu , Yunhang Shen , Xiawu Zheng , Xing Sun , Rongrong Ji

Recent studies on machine reading comprehension have focused on text-level understanding but have not yet reached the level of human understanding of the visual layout and content of real-world documents. In this study, we introduce a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Ryota Tanaka , Kyosuke Nishida , Sen Yoshida

The analysis of vision-based deep neural networks (DNNs) is highly desirable but it is very challenging due to the difficulty of expressing formal specifications for vision tasks and the lack of efficient verification procedures. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Ravi Mangal , Nina Narodytska , Divya Gopinath , Boyue Caroline Hu , Anirban Roy , Susmit Jha , Corina Pasareanu

Recent research has increasingly focused on the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in multi-turn interactions, as these scenarios more closely mirror real-world problem-solving. However, analyzing the intricate reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yiran Zhang , Mingyang Lin , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem