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Related papers: Grokking at the Edge of Linear Separability

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Neural networks trained with standard objectives exhibit behaviors characteristic of probabilistic inference: soft clustering, prototype specialization, and Bayesian uncertainty tracking. These phenomena appear across architectures -- in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Alan Oursland

We study gradient descent (GD) dynamics on logistic regression problems with large, constant step sizes. For linearly-separable data, it is known that GD converges to the minimizer with arbitrarily large step sizes, a property which no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Si Yi Meng , Antonio Orvieto , Daniel Yiming Cao , Christopher De Sa

Robust generalization is a major challenge in deep learning, particularly when the number of trainable parameters is very large. In general, it is very difficult to know if the network has memorized a particular set of examples or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Darshil Doshi , Aritra Das , Tianyu He , Andrey Gromov

Recent work across many machine learning disciplines has highlighted that standard descent methods, even without explicit regularization, do not merely minimize the training error, but also exhibit an implicit bias. This bias is typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Ziwei Ji , Miroslav Dudík , Robert E. Schapire , Matus Telgarsky

The key to generalization is controlling the complexity of the network. However, there is no obvious control of complexity -- such as an explicit regularization term -- in the training of deep networks for classification. We will show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Andrzej Banburski , Qianli Liao , Brando Miranda , Lorenzo Rosasco , Fernanda De La Torre , Jack Hidary , Tomaso Poggio

In gradient descent, changing how we parametrize the model can lead to drastically different optimization trajectories, giving rise to a surprising range of meaningful inductive biases: identifying sparse classifiers or reconstructing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-24 Anna Kerekes , Anna Mészáros , Ferenc Huszár

Many modern learning tasks involve fitting nonlinear models to data which are trained in an overparameterized regime where the parameters of the model exceed the size of the training dataset. Due to this overparameterization, the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Samet Oymak , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

When machine learning models encounter data which is out of the distribution on which they were trained they have a tendency to behave poorly, most prominently over-confidence in erroneous predictions. Such behaviours will have disastrous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Jack Dymond

It is believed that Gradient Descent (GD) induces an implicit bias towards good generalization in training machine learning models. This paper provides a fine-grained analysis of the dynamics of GD for the matrix sensing problem, whose goal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Jikai Jin , Zhiyuan Li , Kaifeng Lyu , Simon S. Du , Jason D. Lee

This paper considers the learning of logical (Boolean) functions with a focus on the generalization on the unseen (GOTU) setting, a strong case of out-of-distribution generalization. This is motivated by the fact that the rich combinatorial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Emmanuel Abbe , Samy Bengio , Aryo Lotfi , Kevin Rizk

Normalized gradient descent has shown substantial success in speeding up the convergence of exponentially-tailed loss functions (which includes exponential and logistic losses) on linear classifiers with separable data. In this paper, we go…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Hossein Taheri , Christos Thrampoulidis

In the absence of explicit regularization, Kernel "Ridgeless" Regression with nonlinear kernels has the potential to fit the training data perfectly. It has been observed empirically, however, that such interpolated solutions can still…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-27 Tengyuan Liang , Alexander Rakhlin

The generalization mystery of overparametrized deep nets has motivated efforts to understand how gradient descent (GD) converges to low-loss solutions that generalize well. Real-life neural networks are initialized from small random values…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Kaifeng Lyu , Zhiyuan Li , Runzhe Wang , Sanjeev Arora

Previous work shows that the chain of continuous thought (continuous CoT) improves the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) by enabling implicit parallel thinking, and a subsequent work provided theoretical insight by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hanlin Zhu , Shibo Hao , Zhiting Hu , Jiantao Jiao , Stuart Russell , Yuandong Tian

Gaussian process (GP) regression is a fundamental tool in Bayesian statistics. It is also known as kriging and is the Bayesian counterpart to the frequentist kernel ridge regression. Most of the theoretical work on GP regression has focused…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-27 Simon Barthelmé , Pierre-Olivier Amblard , Nicolas Tremblay , Konstantin Usevich

Deep neural networks are often trained in the over-parametrized regime (i.e. with far more parameters than training examples), and understanding why the training converges to solutions that generalize remains an open problem. Several…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-23 Hartmut Maennel , Olivier Bousquet , Sylvain Gelly

Recent research has observed that in machine learning optimization, gradient descent (GD) often operates at the edge of stability (EoS) [Cohen, et al., 2021], where the stepsizes are set to be large, resulting in non-monotonic losses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Jingfeng Wu , Vladimir Braverman , Jason D. Lee

We investigate the statistical behavior of gradient descent iterates with dropout in the linear regression model. In particular, non-asymptotic bounds for the convergence of expectations and covariance matrices of the iterates are derived.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-19 Gabriel Clara , Sophie Langer , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber

We study the generalization performance of unregularized gradient methods for separable linear classification. While previous work mostly deal with the binary case, we focus on the multiclass setting with $k$ classes and establish novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Matan Schliserman , Tomer Koren

Recent studies show that transformer-based architectures emulate gradient descent during a forward pass, contributing to in-context learning capabilities - an ability where the model adapts to new tasks based on a sequence of prompt…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-13 Karthik Duraisamy