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How can we perform computations over natural language representations to solve tasks that require symbolic and numeric reasoning? We propose natural language embedded programs (NLEP) as a unifying framework for addressing math/symbolic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Tianhua Zhang , Jiaxin Ge , Hongyin Luo , Yung-Sung Chuang , Mingye Gao , Yuan Gong , Xixin Wu , Yoon Kim , Helen Meng , James Glass

Humans learn abstractions and use them to plan efficiently to quickly generalize across tasks -- an ability that remains challenging for state-of-the-art large language model (LLM) agents and deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zergham Ahmed , Kazuki Irie , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Christopher J. Bates , Samuel J. Gershman

The ability of large language models to solve complex mathematical problems has progressed significantly, particularly for tasks requiring advanced reasoning. However, the scarcity of sufficiently challenging problems, particularly at the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xueliang Zhao , Wei Wu , Jian Guan , Lingpeng Kong

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) is designed to assess generalization beyond pattern matching, requiring models to infer symbolic rules from very few examples. In this work, we present a transformer-based system that advances ARC…

Solving math word problems is a challenging task that requires accurate natural language understanding to bridge natural language texts and math expressions. Motivated by the intuition about how human generates the equations given the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Ting-Rui Chiang , Yun-Nung Chen

The goal of active learning for program synthesis is to synthesize the desired program by asking targeted questions that minimize user interaction. While prior work has explored active learning in the purely symbolic setting, such…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Celeste Barnaby , Qiaochu Chen , Ramya Ramalingam , Osbert Bastani , Isil Dillig

When writing programs, people have the ability to tackle a new complex task by decomposing it into smaller and more familiar subtasks. While it is difficult to measure whether neural program synthesis methods have similar capabilities, what…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Kensen Shi , Joey Hong , Manzil Zaheer , Pengcheng Yin , Charles Sutton

In this paper, we propose a new data synthesis method called \textbf{LogicPro}, which leverages LeetCode-style algorithm \underline{Pro}blems and their corresponding \underline{Pro}gram solutions to synthesize Complex \underline{Logic}al…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jin Jiang , Yuchen Yan , Yang Liu , Jianing Wang , Shuai Peng , Xunliang Cai , Yixin Cao , Mengdi Zhang , Liangcai Gao

Analytical reasoning is an essential and challenging task that requires a system to analyze a scenario involving a set of particular circumstances and perform reasoning over it to make conclusions. In this paper, we study the challenge of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Wanjun Zhong , Siyuan Wang , Duyu Tang , Zenan Xu , Daya Guo , Jiahai Wang , Jian Yin , Ming Zhou , Nan Duan

Neural-symbolic methods have demonstrated efficiency in enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods mainly rely on syntactically mapping natural languages to complete formal languages like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yiming Wang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Pei Zhang , Baosong Yang , Rui Wang

Our goal is to build systems which write code automatically from the kinds of specifications humans can most easily provide, such as examples and natural language instruction. The key idea of this work is that a flexible combination of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Maxwell Nye , Luke Hewitt , Joshua Tenenbaum , Armando Solar-Lezama

There has been a recent surge of interest in automating software engineering tasks using deep learning. This paper addresses the problem of code generation, where the goal is to generate target code given source code in a different language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Sindhu Tipirneni , Ming Zhu , Chandan K. Reddy

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) evaluates general reasoning capabilities that are difficult for both machine learning models and combinatorial search methods. We propose a neuro-symbolic approach that combines a transformer for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Paweł Batorski , Jannik Brinkmann , Paul Swoboda

Generative neural models hold great promise in enhancing programming education by synthesizing new content. We seek to design neural models that can automatically generate programming tasks for a given specification in the context of visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Victor-Alexandru Pădurean , Georgios Tzannetos , Adish Singla

We study the interpretability issue of task-oriented dialogue systems in this paper. Previously, most neural-based task-oriented dialogue systems employ an implicit reasoning strategy that makes the model predictions uninterpretable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Shiquan Yang , Rui Zhang , Sarah Erfani , Jey Han Lau

An image related question defines a specific visual task that is required in order to produce an appropriate answer. The answer may depend on a minor detail in the image and require complex reasoning and use of prior knowledge. When humans…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Ben Zion Vatashsky , Shimon Ullman

Recently, large language models have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities through long-chain reasoning before responding. However, how to extend this capability to visual reasoning tasks remains an open challenge. Existing multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Caijun Jia , Nan Xu , Jingxuan Wei , Qingli Wang , Lei Wang , Bihui Yu , Junnan Zhu

In this paper, we propose a new technique based on program synthesis for extracting information from webpages. Given a natural language query and a few labeled webpages, our method synthesizes a program that can be used to extract similar…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Qiaochu Chen , Aaron Lamoreaux , Xinyu Wang , Greg Durrett , Osbert Bastani , Isil Dillig

Multimodal geometry reasoning requires models to jointly understand visual diagrams and perform structured symbolic inference, yet current vision--language models struggle with complex geometric constructions due to limited training data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Haobo Lin , Tianyi Bai , Chen Chen , Jiajun Zhang , Bohan Zeng , Wentao Zhang , Binhang Yuan

We study structured abstraction-based reasoning for the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) and compare its generalization to test-time approaches. Purely neural architectures lack reliable combinatorial generalization, while strictly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Anugyan Das , Omkar Ghugarkar , Vishvesh Bhat , Asad Aali