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Explicitly alerting users is not always an optimal intervention, especially when they are not motivated to obey. For example, in video-based learning, learners who are distracted from the video would not follow an alert asking them to pay…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Riku Arakawa , Hiromu Yakura

Diffusion models have been widely studied for removing unsafe content learned during pre-training. Existing methods require expensive supervised data, either unsafe-text paired with safe-image groundtruth or negative/positive image pairs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Komal Kumar , Ankan Deria , Abhishek Basu , Fahad Shamshad , Hisham Cholakkal , Karthik Nandakumar

Training machine learning models requires the storage of large datasets, which often contain sensitive or private data. Storing data is associated with a number of potential risks which increase over time, such as database breaches and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Aviraj Newatia , Michael Cooper , Viet Nguyen , Rahul G. Krishnan

With the development of large language models (LLMs), detecting whether text is generated by a machine becomes increasingly challenging in the face of malicious use cases like the spread of false information, protection of intellectual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Ying Zhou , Ben He , Le Sun

While large-scale text-to-image diffusion models have demonstrated impressive image-generation capabilities, there are significant concerns about their potential misuse for generating unsafe content, violating copyright, and perpetuating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Ruchika Chavhan , Da Li , Timothy Hospedales

The task of text-to-image generation has achieved tremendous success in practice, with emerging concept generation models capable of producing highly personalized and customized content. Fervor for concept generation is increasing rapidly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Kun Xu , Wenying Wen , Shuren Qi , Tao Wang , Yushu Zhang , Yuming Fang

Large scale text-to-image generation models can memorize and reproduce their training dataset. Since the training dataset often contains copyrighted material, reproduction of training dataset poses a copyright infringement risk, which could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Neeraj Sarna , Yuanyuan Li , Michael von Gablenz

We systematically evaluate the quality of widely used adversarial safety datasets from two perspectives: in isolation and in practice. In isolation, we examine how well these datasets reflect real-world adversarial attacks based on three…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Shahriar Golchin , Marc Wetter

Large language models (LLMs) present significant risks when used to generate non-factual content and spread disinformation at scale. Detecting such LLM-generated content is crucial, yet current detectors often struggle to generalize in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ran Li , Wei Hao , Weiliang Zhao , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao

Today, the detection of AI-generated content is receiving more and more attention. Our idea is to go beyond detection and try to recover the prompt used to generate a text. This paper, to the best of our knowledge, introduces the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Louis Give , Timo Zaoral , Maria Antonietta Bruno

AI Generated Content (AIGC) has received tremendous attention within the past few years, with content generated in the format of image, text, audio, video, etc. Meanwhile, AIGC has become a double-edged sword and recently received much…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Chen Chen , Jie Fu , Lingjuan Lyu

Designing controllers that accomplish tasks while guaranteeing safety constraints remains a significant challenge. We often want an agent to perform well in a nominal task, such as environment exploration, while ensuring it can avoid unsafe…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-04 Azra Begzadić , Nikhil Uday Shinde , Sander Tonkens , Dylan Hirsch , Kaleb Ugalde , Michael C. Yip , Jorge Cortés , Sylvia Herbert

Generative AI technologies have been deployed in many places, such as (multimodal) large language models and vision generative models. Their remarkable performance should be attributed to massive training data and emergent reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Zheyuan Liu , Guangyao Dou , Zhaoxuan Tan , Yijun Tian , Meng Jiang

Due to the subtleness, implicity, and different possible interpretations perceived by different people, detecting undesirable content from text is a nuanced difficulty. It is a long-known risk that language models (LMs), once trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Yau-Shian Wang , Yingshan Chang

Conversational models that are generative and open-domain are particularly susceptible to generating unsafe content since they are trained on web-based social data. Prior approaches to mitigating this issue have drawbacks, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Leila Khalatbari , Yejin Bang , Dan Su , Willy Chung , Saeed Ghadimi , Hossein Sameti , Pascale Fung

The distractor generation task focuses on generating incorrect but plausible options for objective questions such as fill-in-the-blank and multiple-choice questions. This task is widely utilized in educational settings across various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Elaf Alhazmi , Quan Z. Sheng , Wei Emma Zhang , Munazza Zaib , Ahoud Alhazmi

Image content safety has become a significant challenge with the rise of visual media on online platforms. Meanwhile, in the age of AI-generated content (AIGC), many image generation models are capable of producing harmful content, such as…

The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is going through a period of great expectations, introducing a certain level of anxiety in research, business and also policy. This anxiety is further energised by an AI race narrative that makes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-09 The Anh Han , Luis Moniz Pereira , Tom Lenaerts , Francisco C. Santos

Recent diffusion-based generators can produce high-quality images from textual prompts. However, they often disregard textual instructions that specify the spatial layout of the composition. We propose a simple approach that achieves robust…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Minghao Chen , Iro Laina , Andrea Vedaldi

Text-to-image diffusion models have revolutionized generative AI, but their vulnerability to backdoor attacks poses significant security risks. Adversaries can inject imperceptible textual triggers into training data, causing models to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ashwath Vaithinathan Aravindan , Abha Jha , Matthew Salaway , Atharva Sandeep Bhide , Duygu Nur Yaldiz