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The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is a promising RAN architecture, aimed at reshaping the RAN industry toward an open, adaptive, and intelligent RAN. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive security analysis of Open Radio Access…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Dudu Mimran , Ron Bitton , Yehonatan Kfir , Eitan Klevansky , Oleg Brodt , Heiko Lehmann , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

The traditional black-box and monolithic approach to Radio Access Networks (RANs) has heavily limited flexibility and innovation. The Open RAN paradigm, and the architecture proposed by the O-RAN ALLIANCE, aim to address these limitations…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Nicolo Longhi , Salvatore D'Oro , Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Roberto Verdone , Tommaso Melodia

O-RAN is radically shifting how cellular networks are designed, deployed and optimized through network programmability, disaggregation, and virtualization. Specifically, RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) can orchestrate and optimize the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Andrea Lacava , Matteo Bordin , Michele Polese , Rajarajan Sivaraj , Tommaso Zugno , Francesca Cuomo , Tommaso Melodia

Open RAN (O-RAN) defines an emerging cellular radio access network (RAN) architecture for future 6G wireless networks, emphasizing openness and intelligence which are considered the foundations of future 6G wireless networks. While the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Pratheek S. Upadhyaya , Aly S. Abdalla , Vuk Marojevic , Jeffrey H. Reed , Vijay K. Shah

Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) are transforming telecommunications by shifting from centralized to distributed architectures, promoting flexibility, interoperability, and innovation through open interfaces and multi-vendor environments.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zaineh Abughazzah , Emna Baccour , Ahmed Refaey , Amr Mohamed , Mounir Hamdi

Cellular networks require strict security procedures and measures across various network components, from core to radio access network (RAN) and end-user devices. As networks become increasingly complex and interconnected, as in O-RAN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Charles Marion Ueltschey , Joshua Moore , Aly Sabri Abdalla , Vuk Marojevic

Open Radio Access Network (RAN) architectures will enable interoperability, openness and programmable data-driven control in next generation cellular networks. However, developing and testing efficient solutions that generalize across…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Salvatore D'Oro , Stefano Basagni , Tommaso Melodia

Spectrum sharing and dynamic spectrum reuse are becoming increasingly critical in modern wireless networks to address spectrum scarcity. However, these techniques inevitably increase Cross-Technology Interference (CTI). In this context, the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Dieter Verbruggen , Hazem Sallouha , Sofie Pollin

The Open-Radio Access Network (O-RAN) integrates numerous software components in a cloud-like deployment, opening the radio access network to previously unconsidered security threats. With the ever-evolving threat landscape, integrating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Felix Klement , Alessandro Brighente , Michele Polese , Mauro Conti , Stefan Katzenbeisser

Vehicular communications integrated with the Radio Access Network (RAN) are envisioned as a breakthrough application for the 6th generation (6G) cellular systems. However, traditional RANs lack the flexibility to enable sophisticated…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Eugenio Moro , Francesco Linsalata , Maurizio Magarini , Umberto Spagnolini , Antonio Capone

Network energy efficiency is of critical importance to mobile network operators for economic and ecological reasons. The advent of the O-RAN architecture has brought disaggregation and virtualization, and in order to achieve the highest…

The emergence of 6G technology represents a significant advancement in wireless communications, providing unprecedented speed, extremely low latency, and pioneering applications. In light of this development, an important question arises:…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Sneihil Gopal , Aziz Kord , Richard A. Rouil

Advanced wireless networks must support highly dynamic and heterogeneous service demands. Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture enables this flexibility by adopting modular, disaggregated components, such as the RAN Intelligent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Fatemeh Lotfi , Hossein Rajoli , Fatemeh Afghah

As wireless communication systems become more advanced, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) stand out as a notable framework that promotes interoperability and cost-effectiveness. An examination of the progression of RAN architectures, as…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Mira Chandra Kirana , Patatchona Keyela , Fatemeh Rostamian , Deemah H. Tashman , Soumaya Cherkaoui

The evolution of wireless communication systems will be fundamentally impacted by an open radio access network (O-RAN), a new concept defining an intelligent architecture with enhanced flexibility, openness, and the ability to slice…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Mojdeh Karbalaee Motalleb , Chafika Benzaid , Tarik Taleb , Marcos Katz , Vahid Shah-Mansouri , JaeSeung Song

In future wireless systems of beyond 5G and 6G, addressing diverse applications with varying quality requirements is essential. Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architectures offer the potential for dynamic resource adaptation based on…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Huan X. Nguyen , Kexuan Sun , Duc To , Quoc-Tuan Vien , Tuan Anh Le

This paper presents the first ever fully open-source implementation of Load Balancing (LB) in an experimental Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) Standalone (SA) network using Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture. The deployment…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Fahim Bashar , Asheesh Tripathi , Mayukh Roy Chowdhury , Aloizio Da Silva , Alexandre Huff

Next-generation mobile networks require evolved radio access network (RAN) architectures to meet the demands of high capacity, massive connectivity, reduced costs, and energy efficiency, and to realize communication with ultra-low latency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-20 Mahmoud A. Hasabelnaby , Mohanad Obeed , Mohammed Saif , Anas Chaaban , M. J. Hossain

The open radio access network (O-RAN) architecture supports intelligent network control algorithms as one of its core capabilities. Data-driven applications incorporate such algorithms to optimize radio access network (RAN) functions via…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Ahmad M. Nagib , Hatem Abou-Zeid , Hossam S. Hassanein

The open radio access network (RAN) aims to bring openness and intelligence to the traditional closed and proprietary RAN technology and offer flexibility, performance improvement, and cost-efficiency in the RAN deployment and operation.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Wilfrid Azariah , Fransiscus Asisi Bimo , Chih-Wei Lin , Ray-Guang Cheng , Navid Nikaein , Rittwik Jana