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Discrete speech tokenization is a fundamental component in speech codecs. However, in large-scale speech-to-speech systems, the complexity of parallel streams from multiple quantizers and the computational cost of high-time-dimensional…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rongkun Xue , Yazhe Niu , Shuai Hu , Zixin Yin , Yongqiang Yao , Jing Yang

Current end-to-end spoken language models (SLMs) have made notable progress, yet they still encounter considerable response latency. This delay primarily arises from the autoregressive generation of speech tokens and the reliance on complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuhao Wang , Ziyang Cheng , Heyang Liu , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Video Large Language Models (VideoLLMs) excel at video understanding tasks where outputs are textual, such as Video Question Answering and Video Captioning. However, they underperform specialized embedding-based models in Retrieval tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Rohit Gupta , Jayakrishnan Unnikrishnan , Fan Fei , Sheng Liu , Son Tran , Mubarak Shah

The recent text-to-speech (TTS) has achieved quality comparable to that of humans; however, its application in spoken dialogue has not been widely studied. This study aims to realize a TTS that closely resembles human dialogue. First, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-27 Kentaro Mitsui , Tianyu Zhao , Kei Sawada , Yukiya Hono , Yoshihiko Nankaku , Keiichi Tokuda

Today's large language models (LLMs) typically train on short text segments (e.g., <4K tokens) due to the quadratic complexity of their Transformer architectures. As a result, their performance suffers drastically on inputs longer than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Chi Han , Qifan Wang , Hao Peng , Wenhan Xiong , Yu Chen , Heng Ji , Sinong Wang

This work introduces TTS-Transducer - a novel architecture for text-to-speech, leveraging the strengths of audio codec models and neural transducers. Transducers, renowned for their superior quality and robustness in speech recognition, are…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Vladimir Bataev , Subhankar Ghosh , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Jason Li

Text-to-Speech (TTS) models can generate natural, human-like speech across multiple languages by transforming phonemes into waveforms. However, multilingual TTS remains challenging due to discrepancies in phoneme vocabularies and variations…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Haowei Lou , Hye-young Paik , Sheng Li , Wen Hu , Lina Yao

Most end-to-end (E2E) speech recognition models are composed of encoder and decoder blocks that perform acoustic and language modeling functions. Pretrained large language models (LLMs) have the potential to improve the performance of E2E…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-04 Shaoshi Ling , Yuxuan Hu , Shuangbei Qian , Guoli Ye , Yao Qian , Yifan Gong , Ed Lin , Michael Zeng

The multi-codebook speech codec enables the application of large language models (LLM) in TTS but bottlenecks efficiency and robustness due to multi-sequence prediction. To avoid this obstacle, we propose Single-Codec, a single-codebook…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-12 Hanzhao Li , Liumeng Xue , Haohan Guo , Xinfa Zhu , Yuanjun Lv , Lei Xie , Yunlin Chen , Hao Yin , Zhifei Li

In recent years, speech generation has seen remarkable progress, now achieving one-shot generation capability that is often virtually indistinguishable from real human voice. Integrating such advancements in speech generation with large…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-08 Paweł Budzianowski , Taras Sereda , Tomasz Cichy , Ivan Vulić

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant attention, primarily for their capabilities in text-based interactions. However, natural human interaction often relies on speech, necessitating a shift towards voice-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wenqian Cui , Dianzhi Yu , Xiaoqi Jiao , Ziqiao Meng , Guangyan Zhang , Qichao Wang , Yiwen Guo , Irwin King

While mel-spectrograms have been widely utilized as intermediate representations in zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS), their inherent redundancy leads to inefficiency in learning text-speech alignment. Compact VAE-based latent representations…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Zhikang Niu , Shujie Hu , Jeongsoo Choi , Yushen Chen , Peining Chen , Pengcheng Zhu , Yunting Yang , Bowen Zhang , Jian Zhao , Chunhui Wang , Xie Chen

Recurrent neural network (RNN) based character-level language models (CLMs) are extremely useful for modeling out-of-vocabulary words by nature. However, their performance is generally much worse than the word-level language models (WLMs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-03 Kyuyeon Hwang , Wonyong Sung

We formulate long-context language modeling as a problem in continual learning rather than architecture design. Under this formulation, we only use a standard architecture -- a Transformer with sliding-window attention. However, our model…

Large Language Models (LLMs) currently respond to every prompt. However, they can produce incorrect answers when they lack knowledge or capability -- a problem known as hallucination. We instead propose post-training an LLM to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Tim Franzmeyer , Archie Sravankumar , Lijuan Liu , Yuning Mao , Rui Hou , Sinong Wang , Jakob N. Foerster , Luke Zettlemoyer , Madian Khabsa

Current text-to-speech (TTS) models face a persistent limitation: autoregressive (AR) models suffer from low generation efficiency, while modern non-autoregressive (NAR) models experience high latency due to their unordered temporal nature.…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhengyan Sheng , Zhihao Du , Shiliang Zhang , Zhijie Yan , Liping Chen

Despite the growing success of Large Speech Language Models (LSLMs) in processing short-term acoustic signals, their extension to long-form audio understanding is severely bottlenecked. This limitation stems from the limited context length…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Haoqin Sun , Chenyang Lyu , Shiwan Zhao , Xuanfan Ni , Xiangyu Kong , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Yong Qin

Neural text-to-speech (TTS) generally consists of cascaded architecture with separately optimized acoustic model and vocoder, or end-to-end architecture with continuous mel-spectrograms or self-extracted speech frames as the intermediate…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-09 Ruiqing Xue , Yanqing Liu , Lei He , Xu Tan , Linquan Liu , Edward Lin , Sheng Zhao

Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems face ongoing challenges in processing complex linguistic features, handling polyphonic expressions, and producing natural-sounding multilingual speech - capabilities that are crucial for future AI applications.…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Shijia Liao , Yuxuan Wang , Tianyu Li , Yifan Cheng , Ruoyi Zhang , Rongzhi Zhou , Yijin Xing

Text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis has seen renewed progress under the discrete modeling paradigm. Existing autoregressive approaches often rely on single-codebook representations, which suffer from significant information loss. Even with…