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Question Generation (QG) is an essential component of the automatic intelligent tutoring systems, which aims to generate high-quality questions for facilitating the reading practice and assessments. However, existing QG technologies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Xin Jia , Wenjie Zhou , Xu Sun , Yunfang Wu

Conversational question answering (CQA) facilitates an incremental and interactive understanding of a given context, but building a CQA system is difficult for many domains due to the problem of data scarcity. In this paper, we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Seonjeong Hwang , Yunsu Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

Question generation (QG) is a natural language processing task with an abundance of potential benefits and use cases in the educational domain. In order for this potential to be realized, QG systems must be designed and validated with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Sabina Elkins , Ekaterina Kochmar , Jackie C. K. Cheung , Iulian Serban

Automated question generation is an important approach to enable personalisation of English comprehension assessment. Recently, transformer-based pretrained language models have demonstrated the ability to produce appropriate questions from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Vatsal Raina , Mark Gales

We investigate the difficulty levels of questions in reading comprehension datasets such as SQuAD, and propose a new question generation setting, named Difficulty-controllable Question Generation (DQG). Taking as input a sentence in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Yifan Gao , Lidong Bing , Wang Chen , Michael R. Lyu , Irwin King

Open cloze questions have been attracting attention for both measuring the ability and facilitating the learning of L2 English learners. In spite of its benefits, the open cloze test has been introduced only sporadically on the educational…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Shoya Matsumori , Kohei Okuoka , Ryoichi Shibata , Minami Inoue , Yosuke Fukuchi , Michita Imai

Critical questions are essential resources to provoke critical thinking when encountering an argumentative text. We present our system for the Critical Questions Generation (CQs-Gen) Shared Task at ArgMining 2025. Our approach leverages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Wendi Zhou , Ameer Saadat-Yazdi , Nadin Kökciyan

Distractors-incorrect yet plausible answer choices in multiple-choice questions (MCQs)-are vital in educational assessments, as they help identify student misconceptions by presenting potential reasoning errors. Current distractor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tao Wu , Jingyuan Chen , Wang Lin , Jian Zhan , Mengze Li , Fangzhou Jin , Min Zhang , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

There are many potential benefits to news readers accessing diverse sources. Modern news aggregators do the hard work of organizing the news, offering readers a plethora of source options, but choosing which source to read remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Philippe Laban , Chien-Sheng Wu , Lidiya Murakhovs'ka , Xiang 'Anthony' Chen , Caiming Xiong

Question Generation is the task of automatically creating questions from textual input. In this work we present a new Attentional Encoder--Decoder Recurrent Neural Network model for automatic question generation. Our model incorporates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Vrindavan Harrison , Marilyn Walker

Keyphrase generation aims to produce a set of phrases summarizing the essentials of a given document. Conventional methods normally apply an encoder-decoder architecture to generate the output keyphrases for an input document, where they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Shizhe Diao , Yan Song , Tong Zhang

In this paper, we investigate the following two limitations for the existing distractor generation (DG) methods. First, the quality of the existing DG methods are still far from practical use. There is still room for DG quality improvement.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Ho-Lam Chung , Ying-Hong Chan , Yao-Chung Fan

A large majority of American adults get at least some of their news from the Internet. Even though many online news products have the goal of informing their users about the news, they lack scalable and reliable tools for measuring how well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Adam D. Lelkes , Vinh Q. Tran , Cong Yu

Previous CCG supertaggers usually predict categories using multi-class classification. Despite their simplicity, internal structures of categories are usually ignored. The rich semantics inside these structures may help us to better handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Yufang Liu , Tao Ji , Yuanbin Wu , Man Lan

We introduce a high-quality dataset that contains 3,397 samples comprising (i) multiple choice questions, (ii) answers (including distractors), and (iii) their source documents, from the educational domain. Each question is phrased in two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Amir Hadifar , Semere Kiros Bitew , Johannes Deleu , Chris Develder , Thomas Demeester

Clinical tasks such as diagnosis and treatment require strong decision-making abilities, highlighting the importance of rigorous evaluation benchmarks to assess the reliability of large language models (LLMs). In this work, we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Running Yang , Wenlong Deng , Minghui Chen , Yuyin Zhou , Xiaoxiao Li

In retrieval-based dialogue systems, a response selection model acts as a ranker to select the most appropriate response among several candidates. However, such selection models tend to rely on context-response content similarity, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Nyoungwoo Lee , ChaeHun Park , Ho-Jin Choi , Jaegul Choo

Question generation (QG) is a natural language generation task where a model is trained to ask questions corresponding to some input text. Most recent approaches frame QG as a sequence-to-sequence problem and rely on additional features and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Luis Enrico Lopez , Diane Kathryn Cruz , Jan Christian Blaise Cruz , Charibeth Cheng

Question Generation (QG) is fundamentally a simple syntactic transformation; however, many aspects of semantics influence what questions are good to form. We implement this observation by developing SynQG, a set of transparent syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Kaustubh D. Dhole , Christopher D. Manning

Conversational Question Generation (CQG) is a critical task for machines to assist humans in fulfilling their information needs through conversations. The task is generally cast into two different settings: answer-aware and answer-unaware.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Xuan Long Do , Bowei Zou , Shafiq Joty , Anh Tai Tran , Liangming Pan , Nancy F. Chen , Ai Ti Aw