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Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit limited logical coherence, mapping premises to conclusions without adherence to explicit inference rules. We propose Proof-Carrying Reasoning with LLMs (PCRLLM), a framework that constrains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Tangrui Li , Pei Wang , Hongzheng Wang Christian Hahm , Matteo Spatola , Justin Shi

Deductive reasoning plays a pivotal role in the formulation of sound and cohesive arguments. It allows individuals to draw conclusions that logically follow, given the truth value of the information provided. Recent progress in the domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Philipp Mondorf , Barbara Plank

Recent advancements have significantly augmented the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) through various methodologies, especially chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. However, previous methods fail to address reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Tinghui Zhu , Kai Zhang , Jian Xie , Yu Su

We present a comprehensive approach to the automated formalization of legal texts using large language models (LLMs), targeting their transformation into Defeasible Deontic Logic (DDL). Our method employs a structured pipeline that segments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Elias Horner , Cristinel Mateis , Guido Governatori , Agata Ciabattoni

This paper presents a new system of logic, LF, that is intended to be used as the foundation of the formalization of science. That is, deductive validity according to LF is to be used as the criterion for assessing what follows from the…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-01-23 Zachary Goodsell , Juhani Yli-Vakkuri

Uncertainty in Logic Programming has been investigated during the last decades, dealing with various extensions of the classical LP paradigm and different applications. Existing proposals rely on different approaches, such as clause…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-01-17 Mario Rodríguez-Artalejo , Carlos A. Romero-Díaz

Logical reasoning is fundamental for humans yet presents a substantial challenge in the domain of Artificial Intelligence. Initially, researchers used Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR) systems that did not scale and required…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Man Luo , Shrinidhi Kumbhar , Ming shen , Mihir Parmar , Neeraj Varshney , Pratyay Banerjee , Somak Aditya , Chitta Baral

Logical formalisms provide a natural and concise means for specifying and reasoning about preferences. In this paper, we propose lexicographic logic, an extension of classical propositional logic that can express a variety of preferences,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Angelos Charalambidis , Giorgos Papadimitriou , Panos Rondogiannis , Antonis Troumpoukis

Large Language Models (LLMs) still struggle with multi-step logical reasoning. Existing approaches either purely refine the reasoning chain in natural language form or attach a symbolic solver as an external module. In this work, we instead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Feihao Fang , My T. Thai , Yuanyuan Lei

There are several contexts of non-monotonic reasoning where a priority between rules is established whose purpose is preventing conflicts. One formalism that has been widely employed for non-monotonic reasoning is the sceptical one known as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-11-26 Guido Governatori , Francesco Olivieri , Simone Scannapieco , Matteo Cristani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results across numerous domains, yet they experience notable deficiencies in legal question-answering tasks. LLMs often generate generalized responses that lack the logical specificity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Rujing Yao , Yang Wu , Chenghao Wang , Jingwei Xiong , Fang Wang , Xiaozhong Liu

Logical reasoning is central to human cognition and intelligence. It includes deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning. Past research of logical reasoning within AI uses formal language as knowledge representation and symbolic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Zonglin Yang , Xinya Du , Rui Mao , Jinjie Ni , Erik Cambria

Propositional Dynamic Logic, PDL, is a modal logic designed to formalize the reasoning about programs. By extending accessibility between states to states and state sets, concurrent propositional dynamic logic CPDL, is introduced to include…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Chun-Yu Lin

Large language models (LLMs) are deployed on increasingly complex tasks that require multi-step decision-making. Understanding their algorithmic reasoning abilities is therefore crucial. However, we lack a diagnostic benchmark for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yu He , Yingxi Li , Colin White , Ellen Vitercik

Rule-based reasoning over natural language input arises in domains where decisions must be auditable and justifiable: clinical protocols specify eligibility criteria in prose, evidence rules define admissibility through textual conditions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Albert Sadowski , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Applying dynamic logics to program verifications is a challenge, because their axiomatic rules for regular expressions can be difficult to be adapted to different program models. We present a novel dynamic logic, called DLp, which supports…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yuanrui Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained prominence in the AI landscape due to their exceptional performance. Thus, it is essential to gain a better understanding of their capabilities and limitations, among others in terms of nonmonotonic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Ilias Tachmazidis , Sotiris Batsakis , Grigoris Antoniou

Reasoning over knowledge graphs (KGs) is a challenging task that requires a deep understanding of the complex relationships between entities and the underlying logic of their relations. Current approaches rely on learning geometries to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Nurendra Choudhary , Chandan K. Reddy

Terminological knowledge representation systems (TKRSs) are tools for designing and using knowledge bases that make use of terminological languages (or concept languages). We analyze from a theoretical point of view a TKRS whose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-17 M. Buchheit , F. M. Donini , A. Schaerf

Uncertainty in Logic Programming has been investigated during the last decades, dealing with various extensions of the classical LP paradigm and different applications. Existing proposals rely on different approaches, such as clause…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-07-22 Mario Rodríguez-Artalejo , Carlos A. Romero-Díaz