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While Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) internalize a great amount of world knowledge, they have been shown incapable of recalling these knowledge to solve tasks requiring complex & multi-step reasoning. Similar to how humans develop a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Boshi Wang , Xiang Deng , Huan Sun

LLMs often need effective configurations, like temperature and reasoning steps, to handle tasks requiring sophisticated reasoning and problem-solving, ranging from joke generation to mathematical reasoning. Existing prompting approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Xiangqi Wang , Yue Huang , Yanbo Wang , Xiaonan Luo , Kehan Guo , Yujun Zhou , Xiangliang Zhang

Generating accurate step-by-step reasoning is essential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to address complex problems and enhance robustness and interpretability. Despite the flux of research on developing advanced reasoning approaches,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Shibo Hao , Yi Gu , Haotian Luo , Tianyang Liu , Xiyan Shao , Xinyuan Wang , Shuhua Xie , Haodi Ma , Adithya Samavedhi , Qiyue Gao , Zhen Wang , Zhiting Hu

LLM-based agents have emerged as transformative tools capable of executing complex tasks through iterative planning and action, achieving significant advancements in understanding and addressing user needs. Yet, their effectiveness remains…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mithat Can Ozgun , Jiahuan Pei , Koen Hindriks , Lucia Donatelli , Qingzhi Liu , Junxiao Wang

Temporal reasoning is a crucial NLP task, providing a nuanced understanding of time-sensitive contexts within textual data. Although recent advancements in LLMs have demonstrated their potential in temporal reasoning, the predominant focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Chenhan Yuan , Qianqian Xie , Jimin Huang , Sophia Ananiadou

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in document understanding. However, their reasoning processes remain largely black-box, making it difficult to ensure reliability and trustworthiness,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Wenwen Yu , Zhibo Yang , Yuliang Liu , Xiang Bai

Test-time Training enables model adaptation using only test questions and offers a promising paradigm for improving the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). However, it faces two major challenges: test questions are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Haoyang He , Zihua Rong , Liangjie Zhao , Yunjia Zhao , Lan Yang , Honggang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into the software engineering ecosystem. Their test-time compute (TTC) reasoning capabilities show significant potential for understanding program logic and semantics beyond mere…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yifeng He , Luning Yang , Christopher Castro Gaw Gonzalo , Hao Chen

Large language models (LLMs) solve complex problems by generating multi-step reasoning traces. Yet these traces are typically analyzed from only one of two perspectives: the sequence of tokens across different reasoning steps in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ruidi Chang , Jiawei Zhou , Hanjie Chen

Large language models (LLMs) integrated with autonomous agents hold significant potential for advancing scientific discovery through automated reasoning and task execution. However, applying LLM agents to drug discovery is still constrained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Kun Li , Zhennan Wu , Shoupeng Wang , Jia Wu , Shirui Pan , Wenbin Hu

We consider the problem of multi-task reasoning (MTR), where an agent can solve multiple tasks via (first-order) logic reasoning. This capability is essential for human-like intelligence due to its strong generalizability and simplicity for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Daoming Lyu , Bo Liu , Jianshu Chen

Reasoning is central to a wide range of intellectual activities, and while the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, their performance in reasoning tasks remains limited. The processes and mechanisms underlying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Ippei Fujisawa , Sensho Nobe , Hiroki Seto , Rina Onda , Yoshiaki Uchida , Hiroki Ikoma , Pei-Chun Chien , Ryota Kanai

Real-time voice agents face a dilemma: end-to-end models often lack deep reasoning, while cascaded pipelines incur high latency by executing ASR, LLM reasoning, and TTS strictly in sequence, unlike human conversation where listeners often…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Wenhao Zou , Yuwei Miao , Zhanyu Ma , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He , Jingwen Xu

When humans face problems beyond their immediate capabilities, they rely on tools, providing a promising paradigm for improving visual reasoning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Effective reasoning, therefore, hinges on knowing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Mingyang Song , Haoyu Sun , Jiawei Gu , Linjie Li , Luxin Xu , Ranjay Krishna , Yu Cheng

Recent Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) demonstrate in-context learning ability to perform various functions based solely on the provided context, without updating model parameters. To fully utilize the in-context capabilities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jiecheng Lu , Yan Sun , Shihao Yang

Large pre-trained models have been vital in recent advancements in domains like language and vision, making model training for individual downstream tasks more efficient and provide superior performance. However, tackling time-series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Harshavardhan Kamarthi , B. Aditya Prakash

Human-level driving is an ultimate goal of autonomous driving. Conventional approaches formulate autonomous driving as a perception-prediction-planning framework, yet their systems do not capitalize on the inherent reasoning ability and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jiageng Mao , Junjie Ye , Yuxi Qian , Marco Pavone , Yue Wang

Large vision-language models have achieved remarkable progress in visual reasoning, yet most existing systems rely on single-step or text-only reasoning, limiting their ability to iteratively refine understanding across multiple visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Wenfang Sun , Hao Chen , Yingjun Du , Yefeng Zheng , Cees G. M. Snoek

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning abilities, while smaller models (<= 3B parameters) significantly underperform on multi-step reasoning tasks. Based on empirical analyses of the Qwen-2.5 model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yang Ouyang , Shuhang Lin , Jung-Eun Kim

Training large language models (LLMs) with synthetic reasoning data has become a popular approach to enhancing their reasoning capabilities, while a key factor influencing the effectiveness of this paradigm is the quality of the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhuojie Yang , Wentao Wan , Keze Wang