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Reliable randomness is a core ingredient in algorithms and applications ranging from numerical simulations to statistical sampling and cryptography. The outcomes of measurements on entangled quantum states can violate Bell inequalities,…

Many applications of quantum computing in the near term rely on variational quantum circuits (VQCs). They have been showcased as a promising model for reaching a quantum advantage in machine learning with current noisy intermediate scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 Jonas Landman , Slimane Thabet , Constantin Dalyac , Hela Mhiri , Elham Kashefi

The ultimate random number generators are those certified to be unpredictable -- including to an adversary. The use of simple quantum processes promises to provide numbers that no physical observer could predict but, in practice, unwanted…

Continuous variables (CV) offer a promising platform for the development of various applications, such as quantum communication, computing, and sensing, and CV graph states represent a family of powerful entangled resource states for all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Éloi Descamps , Damian Markham

Certifying neural network robustness against adversarial examples is challenging, as formal guarantees often require solving non-convex problems. Hence, incomplete verifiers are widely used because they scale efficiently and substantially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mohammadreza Maleki , Rushendra Sidibomma , Arman Adibi , Reza Samavi

It is one of the most fundamental objectives in quantum information science to understand the boundary between the computational power of classical and quantum computers. One possible avenue to explore this boundary is to identify classes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Christophe Piveteau

The successful implementation of algorithms on quantum processors relies on the accurate control of quantum bits (qubits) to perform logic gate operations. In this era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing, systematic…

Random circuit sampling, the task to sample bit strings from a random unitary operator, has been performed to demonstrate quantum advantage on the Sycamore quantum processor with 53 qubits and on the Zuchongzhi quantum processor with 56 and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-28 Sangchul Oh , Sabre Kais

Quantum computing is transitioning from experimental prototypes to commercially available turnkey systems, making architecture-agnostic performance metrics essential for cross-platform comparison. Peaked Random Circuits (PRCs) have recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Martin Brieger , Florian Krötz , Minh Chung , Dieter Kranzlmüller

Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) are a central component of many quantum machine learning algorithms, offering a hybrid quantum-classical framework that, under certain aspects, can be considered similar to classical deep neural networks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Nicola Assolini , Luca Marzari , Isabella Mastroeni , Alessandra di Pierro

The problem of reliably certifying the outcome of a computation performed by a quantum device is rapidly gaining relevance. We present two protocols for a classical verifier to verifiably delegate a quantum computation to two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-13 Andrea Coladangelo , Alex Grilo , Stacey Jeffery , Thomas Vidick

Randomness certification is a foundational and practical aspect of quantum information science, essential for securing quantum communication protocols. Traditionally, these protocols have been implemented and validated with a single…

Quantum computers are on the brink of surpassing the capabilities of even the most powerful classical computers. This naturally raises the question of how one can trust the results of a quantum computer when they cannot be compared to…

In recent times, Variational Quantum Circuits (VQC) have been widely adopted to different tasks in machine learning such as Combinatorial Optimization and Supervised Learning. With the growing interest, it is pertinent to study the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-13 Dheeraj Peddireddy , Vipul Bansal , Vaneet Aggarwal

In this paper, we extend the protocol of classical verification of quantum computations (CVQC) recently proposed by Mahadev to make the verification efficient. Our result is obtained in the following three steps: $\bullet$ We show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-16 Nai-Hui Chia , Kai-Min Chung , Takashi Yamakawa

A key problem in constrained random verification (CRV) concerns generation of input stimuli that result in good coverage of the system's runs in targeted corners of its behavior space. Existing CRV solutions however provide no formal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Supratik Chakraborty , Aditya A. Shrotri , Moshe Y. Vardi

Instantaneous nonlocal quantum computation (INQC) evades apparent quantum and relativistic constraints and allows to attack generic quantum position verification (QPV) protocols (aiming at securely certifying the location of a distant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-03 Andrea Olivo , Ulysse Chabaud , André Chailloux , Frédéric Grosshans

We present a verifiable and blind protocol for assisted universal quantum computing on continuous-variable (CV) platforms. This protocol is highly experimentally-friendly to the client, as it only requires Gaussian-operation capabilities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-11 Nana Liu , Tommaso F. Demarie , Si-Hui Tan , Leandro Aolita , Joseph F. Fitzsimons

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) provide a promising approach to achieving quantum advantage for practical problems on near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Thus far, most studies on VQAs have focused on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-06 Yutaro Enomoto , Keitaro Anai , Kenta Udagawa , Shuntaro Takeda

Recent advances in theoretical and experimental quantum computing bring us closer to scalable quantum computing devices. This makes the need for protocols that verify the correct functionality of quantum operations timely and has led to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-26 Alexandru Gheorghiu , Elham Kashefi , Petros Wallden