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Data annotation and synthesis generally refers to the labeling or generating of raw data with relevant information, which could be used for improving the efficacy of machine learning models. The process, however, is labor-intensive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Zhen Tan , Dawei Li , Song Wang , Alimohammad Beigi , Bohan Jiang , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Mansooreh Karami , Jundong Li , Lu Cheng , Huan Liu

Text summarization has a wide range of applications in many scenarios. The evaluation of the quality of the generated text is a complex problem. A big challenge to language evaluation is that there is a clear divergence between existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Ning Wu , Ming Gong , Linjun Shou , Shining Liang , Daxin Jiang

Evaluating text summarization has been a challenging task in natural language processing (NLP). Automatic metrics which heavily rely on reference summaries are not suitable in many situations, while human evaluation is time-consuming and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Huyen Nguyen , Haihua Chen , Lavanya Pobbathi , Junhua Ding

Public Narratives (PNs) are key tools for leadership development and civic mobilization, yet their systematic analysis remains challenging due to their subjective interpretation and the high cost of expert annotation. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Elinor Poole-Dayan , Daniel T Kessler , Hannah Chiou , Margaret Hughes , Emily S Lin , Marshall Ganz , Deb Roy

Alignment algorithms are widely used to align large language models (LLMs) to human users based on preference annotations. Typically these (often divergent) preferences are aggregated over a diverse set of users, resulting in fine-tuned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Cristina Garbacea , Chenhao Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, yet their transition to real-world applications reveals a critical limitation: the inability to adapt to individual preferences while maintaining alignment with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Jian Guan , Junfei Wu , Jia-Nan Li , Chuanqi Cheng , Wei Wu

Human evaluation has been the gold standard for checking faithfulness in abstractive summarization. However, with a challenging source domain like narrative, multiple annotators can agree a summary is faithful, while missing details that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Melanie Subbiah , Faisal Ladhak , Akankshya Mishra , Griffin Adams , Lydia B. Chilton , Kathleen McKeown

People naturally vary in their annotations for subjective questions and some of this variation is thought to be due to the person's sociodemographic characteristics. LLMs have also been used to label data, but recent work has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Matthias Orlikowski , Jiaxin Pei , Paul Röttger , Philipp Cimiano , David Jurgens , Dirk Hovy

People have different creative writing preferences, and large language models (LLMs) for these tasks can benefit from adapting to each user's preferences. However, these models are often trained over a dataset that considers varying…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly regarded as having the potential to generate persuasive content at scale. While previous studies have focused on the risks associated with LLM-generated misinformation, the role of LLMs in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-06 John Caffier , Olga Stavrova , Bennett Kleinberg

Annotating speaker attributes from text is inherently ambiguous, particularly in multilingual settings where demographic and social cues are implicit and culturally variable. We propose a human-large language model (LLM) collaborative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lingyu Gao , Will Monroe , David Smith , Meghan Jemison , Jackie Lee

Despite recent advances, evaluating how well large language models (LLMs) follow user instructions remains an open problem. While evaluation methods of language models have seen a rise in prompt-based approaches, limited work on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ondrej Skopek , Rahul Aralikatte , Sian Gooding , Victor Carbune

Personalized multi-document summarization (MDS) is essential for meeting individual user preferences of writing style and content focus for summaries. In this paper, we propose that for effective personalization, it is important to identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Haoyuan Li , Snigdha Chaturvedi

Linguistic annotation of transcribed speech is essential for research in language acquisition, language disorders, and sociolinguistics, yet remains labor-intensive and time-consuming. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qingwen Zhao , Hongao Zhu , Yunqi He , Rui Wang , Aijun Huang , Hai Hu

Current summarization systems yield generic summaries that are disconnected from users' preferences and expectations. To address this limitation, we present CTRLsum, a novel framework for controllable summarization. Our approach enables…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Junxian He , Wojciech Kryściński , Bryan McCann , Nazneen Rajani , Caiming Xiong

A brief, fluent, and relevant summary can be helpful during program comprehension; however, such a summary does require significant human effort to produce. Often, good summaries are unavailable in software projects, which makes maintenance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yuvraj Virk , Premkumar Devanbu , Toufique Ahmed

Personalized text generation is an emerging research area that has attracted much attention in recent years. Most studies in this direction focus on a particular domain by designing bespoke features or models. In this work, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Cheng Li , Mingyang Zhang , Qiaozhu Mei , Yaqing Wang , Spurthi Amba Hombaiah , Yi Liang , Michael Bendersky

The new wave of Large Language Models (LLM) has offered an efficient tool to curate sizeable conversational datasets. So far studies have mainly focused on task-oriented or generic open-domain dialogs, and have not fully explored the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Ehsan Lotfi , Maxime De Bruyn , Jeska Buhmann , Walter Daelemans

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit powerful summarization abilities. However, their capabilities on conversational summarization remains under explored. In this work we evaluate LLMs (approx. 10 billion parameters) on conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Saurav Sahay , Sangeeta Manepalli , Lama Nachman

Extensive efforts in the past have been directed toward the development of summarization datasets. However, a predominant number of these resources have been (semi)-automatically generated, typically through web data crawling, resulting in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Sotaro Takeshita , Tommaso Green , Ines Reinig , Kai Eckert , Simone Paolo Ponzetto