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The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought impressive advancements across various tasks. However, despite these achievements, LLMs still pose inherent safety risks, especially in the context of jailbreak attacks. Most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Shi Lin , Hongming Yang , Rongchang Li , Xun Wang , Changting Lin , Wenpeng Xing , Meng Han

There has been an increasing interest in the alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values. However, the safety issues of their integration with a vision module, or vision language models (VLMs), remain relatively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xijia Tao , Shuai Zhong , Lei Li , Qi Liu , Lingpeng Kong

This paper focuses on jailbreaking attacks against multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), seeking to elicit MLLMs to generate objectionable responses to harmful user queries. A maximum likelihood-based algorithm is proposed to find an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Zhenxing Niu , Haodong Ren , Xinbo Gao , Gang Hua , Rong Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs), used in creative writing, code generation, and translation, generate text based on input sequences but are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where crafted prompts induce harmful outputs. Most jailbreak prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Xiaoxia Li , Siyuan Liang , Jiyi Zhang , Han Fang , Aishan Liu , Ee-Chien Chang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have remarkable abilities in generating multimodal reasoning tasks. However, potential misuse or safety alignment concerns of VLMs have increased significantly due to different categories of attack vectors.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Md Jueal Mia , M. Hadi Amini

The rapid evolution of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has catalyzed unprecedented capabilities in artificial intelligence; however, this continuous modal expansion has inadvertently exposed a vastly broadened and unconstrained adversarial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jianhao Chen , Haoyang Chen , Hanjie Zhao , Haozhe Liang , Tieyun Qian

Text-to-Image(T2I) models typically deploy safety filters to prevent the generation of sensitive images. Unfortunately, recent jailbreaking attack methods manually design instructions for the LLM to generate adversarial prompts, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Chenyu Zhang , Lanjun Wang , Yiwen Ma , Wenhui Li , An-An Liu

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are increasingly equipped with robust safety safeguards to prevent responses to harmful or disallowed prompts. However, these defenses often focus on analyzing explicit textual inputs or relevant visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yihang Chen , Zhao Xu , Youyuan Jiang , Tianle Zheng , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly attracting attention in various applications. Nonetheless, there is a growing concern as some users attempt to exploit these models for malicious purposes, including the synthesis of controlled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Chongwen Zhao , Zhihao Dou , Kaizhu Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely applied in decision making, but their deployment is threatened by jailbreak attacks, where adversarial users manipulate model behavior to bypass safety measures. Existing defense mechanisms, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yi Wang , Fenghua Weng , Sibei Yang , Zhan Qin , Minlie Huang , Wenjie Wang

The development of text-to-image (T2I) generative models, that enable the creation of high-quality synthetic images from textual prompts, has opened new frontiers in creative design and content generation. However, this paper reveals a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Zonglei Jing , Zonghao Ying , Le Wang , Siyuan Liang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), which integrate vision and other modalities into Large Language Models (LLMs), significantly enhance AI capabilities but also introduce new security vulnerabilities. By exploiting the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Aofan Liu , Lulu Tang , Ting Pan , Yuguo Yin , Bin Wang , Ao Yang

Text-to-image generative models such as Stable Diffusion and DALL$\cdot$E raise many ethical concerns due to the generation of harmful images such as Not-Safe-for-Work (NSFW) ones. To address these ethical concerns, safety filters are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Yuchen Yang , Bo Hui , Haolin Yuan , Neil Gong , Yinzhi Cao

Despite explicit alignment efforts for large language models (LLMs), they can still be exploited to trigger unintended behaviors, a phenomenon known as "jailbreaking." Current jailbreak attack methods mainly focus on discrete prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Guanghao Zhou , Panjia Qiu , Mingyuan Fan , Cen Chen , Mingyuan Chu , Xin Zhang , Jun Zhou

Jailbreak attacks reveal critical vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) by causing them to generate harmful or unethical content. Evaluating these threats is particularly challenging due to the evolving nature of LLMs and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Peiyan Zhang , Haibo Jin , Liying Kang , Haohan Wang

Various (text) prompt filters and (image) safety checkers have been implemented to mitigate the misuse of Text-to-Image (T2I) models in creating Not-Safe-For-Work (NSFW) content. In order to expose potential security vulnerabilities of such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Song Yan , Hui Wei , Jinlong Fei , Guoliang Yang , Zhengyu Zhao , Zheng Wang

We introduce Best-of-N (BoN) Jailbreaking, a simple black-box algorithm that jailbreaks frontier AI systems across modalities. BoN Jailbreaking works by repeatedly sampling variations of a prompt with a combination of augmentations - such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 John Hughes , Sara Price , Aengus Lynch , Rylan Schaeffer , Fazl Barez , Sanmi Koyejo , Henry Sleight , Erik Jones , Ethan Perez , Mrinank Sharma

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable progress in both image generation and editing. However, recent studies have revealed their vulnerability to backdoor attacks, in which specific patterns embedded in the input can manipulate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yu-Feng Chen , Tzuhsuan Huang , Pin-Yen Chiu , Jun-Cheng Chen

Jailbreak attacks are crucial for identifying and mitigating the security vulnerabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). They are designed to bypass safeguards and elicit prohibited outputs. However, due to significant differences among…

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing and significantly impacted code generation tasks, enhancing software development efficiency and productivity. Notably, LLMs like GPT-4 have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Sheng Ouyang , Yihao Qin , Bo Lin , Liqian Chen , Xiaoguang Mao , Shangwen Wang