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Healthcare applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) are often safety-critical, thus, require extensive testing. Such applications are often connected to smart medical devices from various vendors. System-level testing of such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Hassan Sartaj , Shaukat Ali , Tao Yue , Kjetil Moberg

Testing healthcare Internet of Things (IoT) applications at system and integration levels necessitates integrating numerous medical devices of various types. Challenges of incorporating medical devices are: (i) their continuous evolution,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Hassan Sartaj , Shaukat Ali , Julie Marie Gjøby

As autonomous robots increasingly navigate complex and unpredictable environments, ensuring their reliable behavior under uncertainty becomes a critical challenge. This paper introduces a digital twin-based runtime verification for an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Joakim Schack Betzer , Jalil Boudjadar , Mirgita Frasheri , Prasad Talasila

The growing complexity of healthcare systems requires advanced computational models for real-time monitoring, secure data exchange, and intelligent decision-making. Digital Twins (DTs) provide virtual representations of physical healthcare…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Asma Taheri Monfared , Andrea Bombarda , Angelo Gargantini , Majid Haghparast

Chronic diseases constitute the principal burden of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs worldwide, yet current health systems remain fragmented and predominantly reactive. Patient Medical Digital Twins (PMDTs) offer a paradigm shift:…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Micheal P. Papazoglou , Bernd J. Krämer , Mira Raheem , Amal Elgammal

With the accelerating availability of multimodal surgical data and real-time computation, Surgical Digital Twins (SDTs) have emerged as virtual counterparts that mirror, predict, and inform decisions across pre-, intra-, and postoperative…

Uncertainty is an inherent property of any complex system, especially those that integrate physical parts or operate in real environments. In this paper, we focus on the Digital Twins of adaptive systems, which are particularly complex to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-19 Julien Deantoni , Paula Muñoz , Cláudio Gomes , Clark Verbrugge , Rakshit Mittal , Robert Heinrich , Stijn Bellis , Antonio Vallecillo

As an emerging technology in the era of Industry 4.0, digital twin is gaining unprecedented attention because of its promise to further optimize process design, quality control, health monitoring, decision and policy making, and more, by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Adam Thelen , Xiaoge Zhang , Olga Fink , Yan Lu , Sayan Ghosh , Byeng D. Youn , Michael D. Todd , Sankaran Mahadevan , Chao Hu , Zhen Hu

Human digital twins (HDTs) are dynamic, data-driven virtual representations of individuals, continuously updated with multimodal data to simulate, monitor, and predict health trajectories. By integrating clinical, physiological, behavioral,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Rong Pan , Hongyue Sun , Xiaoyu Chen , Giulia Pedrielli , Jiapeng Huang

A digital twin is a virtual replica of a real-world physical phenomena that uses mathematical modeling to characterize and simulate its defining features. By constructing digital twins for disease processes, we can perform in-silico…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Keying Kuang , Frances Dean , Jack B. Jedlicki , David Ouyang , Anthony Philippakis , David Sontag , Ahmed M. Alaa

Digital Twins (DTs) are virtual representations of physical systems synchronized in real time through Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and computational models. In industrial applications, DTs enable predictive maintenance, fault diagnosis,…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Ali Mohammad-Djafari

Quantifying the uncertainty in predictive models is critical for establishing trust and enabling risk-informed decision making for personalized medicine. In contrast to one-size-fits-all approaches that seek to mitigate risk at the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Graham Pash , Umberto Villa , David A. Hormuth , Thomas E. Yankeelov , Karen Willcox

Emerging from NASA's spacecraft simulations in the 1960s, digital twin technology has advanced through industrial adoption to spark a healthcare transformation. A digital twin is a dynamic, data-driven virtual counterpart of a physical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yunqi Zhang , Kuangyu Shi , Biao Li

With the continued growth of its core technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), Big Data and data analytics, and edge computing, digital twin (DT) technology has witnessed a significant increase in…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Ghofran Khalaf , May Itani , Sanaa Sharafeddine

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) offers a promising solution to improve patient health and reduce human error. Wearable smart infusion pumps that accurately administer medication and integrate with electronic health records are an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Yas Vaseghi , Behnaz Behara , Mehdi Delrobaei

As an emerging technology in the era of Industry 4.0, digital twin is gaining unprecedented attention because of its promise to further optimize process design, quality control, health monitoring, decision and policy making, and more, by…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Adam Thelen , Xiaoge Zhang , Olga Fink , Yan Lu , Sayan Ghosh , Byeng D. Youn , Michael D. Todd , Sankaran Mahadevan , Chao Hu , Zhen Hu

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by reducing human error and improving patient health. For instance, wearable smart infusion pumps can accurately administer medication and integrate with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yas Vaseghi , Behnaz Behara , Mehdi Delrobaei

The dynamic nature of human health and comfort calls for adaptive systems that respond to individual physiological needs in real time. This paper presents an AI-enhanced digital twin framework that integrates biometric signals, specifically…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Yiping Meng , Yiming Sun

Digital twins (DTs), virtual simulated replicas of physical scenes, are transforming various industries. However, their potential in radio frequency (RF) sensing applications has been limited by the unidirectional nature of conventional RF…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-21 Xingyu Chen , Jianrong Ding , Kai Zheng , Xinmin Fang , Xinyu Zhang , Chris Xiaoxuan Lu , Zhengxiong Li

Digital twins (DT) are often defined as a pairing of a physical entity and a corresponding virtual entity (VE), mimicking certain aspects of the former depending on the use-case. In recent years, this concept has facilitated numerous…

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