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Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have emerged as the state-of-the-art method for graph-based learning tasks. However, training GCNs at scale is still challenging, hindering both the exploration of more sophisticated GCN architectures and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Cheng Wan , Youjie Li , Ang Li , Nam Sung Kim , Yingyan Lin

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become the standard approach for learning and reasoning over relational data, leveraging the message-passing mechanism that iteratively propagates node embeddings through graph structures. While GNNs have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Xiaoyu Li , Yingyu Liang , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Wei Wang , Jiahao Zhang

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are \emph{discriminative models} that directly model the class posterior $p(y|\mathbf{x})$ for semi-supervised classification of graph data. While being effective, as a representation learning approach,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Tianchun Wang , Farzaneh Mirzazadeh , Xiang Zhang , Jie Chen

Graph condensation (GC) aims to distill the original graph into a small-scale graph, mitigating redundancy and accelerating GNN training. However, conventional GC approaches heavily rely on rigid GNNs and task-specific supervision. Such a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yeyu Yan , Shuai Zheng , Wenjun Hui , Xiangkai Zhu , Dong Chen , Zhenfeng Zhu , Yao Zhao , Kunlun He

Message-passing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are often criticized for their limited expressiveness, issues like over-smoothing and over-squashing, and challenges in capturing long-range dependencies. Conversely, Graph Transformers (GTs) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yuankai Luo , Lei Shi , Xiao-Ming Wu

Mesh-based simulation using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has been recognized as a promising approach for modeling fluid dynamics. However, the mesh refinement techniques which allocate finer resolution to regions with steep gradients can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sangwoo Seo , Hyunsung Kim , Jiwan Kim , Chanyoung Park

Important advances have been made using convolutional neural network (CNN) approaches to solve complicated problems in areas that rely on grid structured data such as image processing and object classification. Recently, research on graph…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-24 Matthew Baron

Convex quadratically constrained quadratic programs (QCQPs) involve finding a solution within a convex feasible region defined by quadratic constraints while minimizing a convex quadratic objective function. These problems arise in various…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Chenyang Wu , Qian Chen , Akang Wang , Tian Ding , Ruoyu Sun , Wenguo Yang , Qingjiang Shi

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are one of the most popular architectures that are used to solve classification problems accompanied by graphical information. We present a rigorous theoretical understanding of the effects of graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Aseem Baranwal , Kimon Fountoulakis , Aukosh Jagannath

Over-squashing and over-smoothing are two critical issues, that limit the capabilities of graph neural networks (GNNs). While over-smoothing eliminates the differences between nodes making them indistinguishable, over-squashing refers to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Cedric Sanders , Andreas Roth , Thomas Liebig

Graph Neural Networks (GNN) is an emerging field for learning on non-Euclidean data. Recently, there has been increased interest in designing GNN that scales to large graphs. Most existing methods use "graph sampling" or "layer-wise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Ming Chen , Zhewei Wei , Bolin Ding , Yaliang Li , Ye Yuan , Xiaoyong Du , Ji-Rong Wen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been proposed as a tool for learning sparse matrix preconditioners, which are key components in accelerating linear solvers. We present theoretical and empirical evidence that message-passing GNNs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Vladislav Trifonov , Ekaterina Muravleva , Ivan Oseledets

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as the leading paradigm for learning over graph-structured data. However, their performance is limited by issues inherent to graph topology, most notably oversquashing and oversmoothing. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Hugo Attali , Thomas Papastergiou , Nathalie Pernelle , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), particularly for large-scale graphs, are crucial across numerous domains. However, training distributed full-batch GCNs on large-scale graphs suffers from inefficient memory access patterns and high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chen Zhuang , Lingqi Zhang , Du Wu , Peng Chen , Jiajun Huang , Xin Liu , Rio Yokota , Nikoli Dryden , Toshio Endo , Satoshi Matsuoka , Mohamed Wahib

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) and their variants have achieved significant performances on various recommendation tasks. However, many existing GCN models tend to perform recursive aggregations among all related nodes, which can arise…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Yue Xu , Hao Chen , Zengde Deng , Yuanchen Bei , Feiran Huang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) typically operate by message-passing, where the state of a node is updated based on the information received from its neighbours. Most message-passing models act as graph convolutions, where features are mixed…

Graph neural networks (GNNs) rely mainly on the message-passing paradigm to propagate node features and build interactions, and different graph learning problems require different ranges of node interactions. In this work, we explore the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Fang Wu , Siyuan Li , Stan Z. Li

Curvature notions on graphs provide a theoretical description of graph topology, highlighting bottlenecks and denser connected regions. Artifacts of the message passing paradigm in Graph Neural Networks, such as oversmoothing and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Floriano Tori , Lorenzo Bini , Marco Sorbi , Stéphane Marchand-Maillet , Vincent Ginis

Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNNs) are generalizations of CNNs to graph-structured data, in which convolution is guided by the graph topology. In many cases where graphs are unavailable, existing methods manually construct graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Xiang Gao , Wei Hu , Zongming Guo

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are widely used in graph-based applications such as graph classification and segmentation. However, current GCNs have limitations on implementation such as network architectures due to their irregular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Yecheng Lyu , Xinming Huang , Ziming Zhang