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The ability to adapt to changes in environmental contingencies is an important challenge in reinforcement learning. Indeed, transferring previously acquired knowledge to environments with unseen structural properties can greatly enhance the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Ayman Boustati , Hana Chockler , Daniel C. McNamee

Securing long-term success is the ultimate aim of recommender systems, demanding strategies capable of foreseeing and shaping the impact of decisions on future user satisfaction. Current recommendation strategies grapple with two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Chongming Gao , Kexin Huang , Ziang Fei , Jiaju Chen , Jiawei Chen , Jianshan Sun , Shuchang Liu , Qingpeng Cai , Peng Jiang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated great potential in robotic operations. However, its data-intensive nature and reliance on the Markov Decision Process (MDP) assumption limit its practical deployment in real-world scenarios…

Predictive Coding (PC) is a biologically-inspired learning framework characterised by local, parallelisable operations, properties that enable energy-efficient implementation on neuromorphic hardware. Despite this, extending PC effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Tom Potter , Oliver Rhodes

Future- or return-conditioned supervised learning is an emerging paradigm for offline reinforcement learning (RL), where the future outcome (i.e., return) associated with an observed action sequence is used as input to a policy trained to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Mengjiao Yang , Dale Schuurmans , Pieter Abbeel , Ofir Nachum

Decision Transformer (DT) is a recently proposed architecture for Reinforcement Learning that frames the decision-making process as an auto-regressive sequence modeling problem and uses a Transformer model to predict the next action in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Max Siebenborn , Boris Belousov , Junning Huang , Jan Peters

Decision Transformer (DT), which integrates reinforcement learning (RL) with the transformer model, introduces a novel approach to offline RL. Unlike classical algorithms that take maximizing cumulative discounted rewards as objective, DT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Rui Lin , Yiwen Zhang , Zhicheng Peng , Minghao Lyu

Learning policy from offline datasets through offline reinforcement learning (RL) holds promise for scaling data-driven decision-making while avoiding unsafe and costly online interactions. However, real-world data collected from sensors or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jiawei Xu , Rui Yang , Shuang Qiu , Feng Luo , Meng Fang , Baoxiang Wang , Lei Han

Decision Transformer (DT) has recently demonstrated strong generalizability in dynamic resource allocation within unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks, compared to conventional deep reinforcement learning (DRL). However, its performance…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Chi Lu , Yiyang Ni , Zhe Wang , Xiaoli Shi , Jun Li , Shi Jin

Decision Transformers (DT) have demonstrated strong performances in offline reinforcement learning settings, but quickly adapting to unseen novel tasks remains challenging. To address this challenge, we propose a new framework, called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Mengdi Xu , Yuchen Lu , Yikang Shen , Shun Zhang , Ding Zhao , Chuang Gan

Recent advancements in offline reinforcement learning (RL) have underscored the capabilities of Conditional Sequence Modeling (CSM), a paradigm that learns the action distribution based on history trajectory and target returns for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Shengchao Hu , Ziqing Fan , Chaoqin Huang , Li Shen , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Dacheng Tao

Foundation models compress a large amount of information in a single, large neural network, which can then be queried for individual tasks. There are strong parallels between this widespread framework and offline goal-conditioned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Marco Bagatella , Mert Albaba , Jonas Hübotter , Georg Martius , Andreas Krause

The Transformer, a highly expressive architecture for sequence modeling, has recently been adapted to solve sequential decision-making, most notably through the Decision Transformer (DT), which learns policies by conditioning on desired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xiaohang Tang , Zhuowen Cheng , Satyabrat Kumar

Designing better deep networks and better reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are both important for deep RL. This work studies the former. Specifically, the Perception and Decision-making Interleaving Transformer (PDiT) network is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Hangyu Mao , Rui Zhao , Ziyue Li , Zhiwei Xu , Hao Chen , Yiqun Chen , Bin Zhang , Zhen Xiao , Junge Zhang , Jiangjin Yin

Interacting with the actual environment to acquire data is often costly and time-consuming in robotic tasks. Model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL) provides a feasible solution. On the one hand, it eliminates the requirements of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Pengqin Wang , Meixin Zhu , Shaojie Shen

Transformer models have achieved remarkable empirical successes, largely due to their in-context learning capabilities. Inspired by this, we explore training an autoregressive transformer for in-context reinforcement learning (ICRL). In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Juncheng Dong , Moyang Guo , Ethan X. Fang , Zhuoran Yang , Vahid Tarokh

High-dimensional observations are a major challenge in the application of model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) to real-world environments. To handle high-dimensional sensory inputs, existing approaches use representation learning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Tung Nguyen , Rui Shu , Tuan Pham , Hung Bui , Stefano Ermon

In this paper, we evaluate the capability of transformer-based language models in making inferences over uncertain text that includes uncertain rules of reasoning. We cover both Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) and generative Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Aliakbar Nafar , Kristen Brent Venable , Parisa Kordjamshidi

In tasks aiming for long-term returns, planning becomes essential. We study generative modeling for planning with datasets repurposed from offline reinforcement learning. Specifically, we identify temporal consistency in the absence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Deqian Kong , Dehong Xu , Minglu Zhao , Bo Pang , Jianwen Xie , Andrew Lizarraga , Yuhao Huang , Sirui Xie , Ying Nian Wu

We study offline off-dynamics reinforcement learning (RL) to utilize data from an easily accessible source domain to enhance policy learning in a target domain with limited data. Our approach centers on return-conditioned supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ruhan Wang , Yu Yang , Zhishuai Liu , Dongruo Zhou , Pan Xu