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This paper presents Dolphin, a novel decoder-decoder architecture for energy-efficient processing of long contexts in language models. Our approach addresses the significant energy consumption and latency challenges inherent in on-device…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Wei Chen , Zhiyuan Li , Shuo Xin , Yihao Wang

We address the challenge of adopting language models (LMs) for embodied tasks in dynamic environments, where online access to large-scale inference engines or symbolic planners is constrained due to latency, connectivity, and resource…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Wonje Choi , Jooyoung Kim , Honguk Woo

Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence is a novel area of AI research which seeks to combine traditional rules-based AI approaches with modern deep learning techniques. Neuro-symbolic models have already demonstrated the capability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Zachary Susskind , Bryce Arden , Lizy K. John , Patrick Stockton , Eugene B. John

Deep learning (DL) based language models achieve high performance on various benchmarks for Natural Language Inference (NLI). And at this time, symbolic approaches to NLI are receiving less attention. Both approaches (symbolic and DL) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Zeming Chen , Qiyue Gao , Lawrence S. Moss

The goal of neuro-symbolic AI is to integrate symbolic and subsymbolic AI approaches, to overcome the limitations of either. Prominent systems include Logic Tensor Networks (LTN) or DeepProbLog, which offer neural predicates and end-to-end…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Stephen Roth , Lennart Baur , Derian Boer , Stefan Kramer

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in complex reasoning tasks but struggle with consistent rule application, exception handling, and explainability, particularly in domains like legal analysis that require both natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Albert Sadowski , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Recent progress in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be largely attributed to the use of neural networks. However, this black-box approach fails to explain the learned policy in a human understandable way. To address this challenge and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Zhihao Ma , Yuzheng Zhuang , Paul Weng , Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Dong Li , Wulong Liu , Jianye Hao

Integrating symbolic techniques with statistical ones is a long-standing problem in artificial intelligence. The motivation is that the strengths of either area match the weaknesses of the other, and $\unicode{x2013}$ by combining the two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Jonathan Feldstein , Paulius Dilkas , Vaishak Belle , Efthymia Tsamoura

Weak supervision allows machine learning models to learn from limited or noisy labels, but it introduces challenges in interpretability and reliability - particularly in multi-instance partial label learning (MI-PLL), where models must…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Nijesh Upreti , Vaishak Belle

We present Dolphin, a novel benchmark that addresses the need for a natural language generation (NLG) evaluation framework dedicated to the wide collection of Arabic languages and varieties. The proposed benchmark encompasses a broad range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 El Moatez Billah Nagoudi , AbdelRahim Elmadany , Ahmed El-Shangiti , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Deep neural networks, empowered by pre-trained language models, have achieved remarkable results in natural language understanding (NLU) tasks. However, their performances can drastically deteriorate when logical reasoning is needed. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Zhixuan Liu , Zihao Wang , Yuan Lin , Hang Li

Identifying governing equations for a dynamical system is a topic of critical interest across an array of disciplines, from mathematics to engineering to biology. Machine learning -- specifically deep learning -- techniques have shown their…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Nibodh Boddupalli , Timothy Matchen , Jeff Moehlis

Knowledge representation and reasoning in neural networks have been a long-standing endeavor which has attracted much attention recently. The principled integration of reasoning and learning in neural networks is a main objective of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Son Tran , Edjard Mota , Artur d'Avila Garcez

Given a natural language instruction and an input scene, our goal is to train a model to output a manipulation program that can be executed by the robot. Prior approaches for this task possess one of the following limitations: (i) rely on…

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive reasoning abilities on a wide range of complex tasks. However, enhancing these capabilities through post-training remains resource intensive, particularly in terms of data and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Shuo Cai , Su Lu , Qi Zhou , Kejing Yang , Zhijie Sang , Congkai Xie , Hongxia Yang

Compositional generalization is crucial for artificial intelligence agents to solve complex vision-language reasoning tasks. Neuro-symbolic approaches have demonstrated promise in capturing compositional structures, but they face critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Danial Kamali , Elham J. Barezi , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Neurosymbolic AI combines the interpretability, parsimony, and explicit reasoning of classical symbolic approaches with the statistical learning of data-driven neural approaches. Models and policies that are simultaneously differentiable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Peter Graf , Patrick Emami

Neural-Symbolic (NeSy) Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a promising approach for combining the learning capabilities of neural networks with the interpretable reasoning of symbolic systems. However, existing NeSy frameworks typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Marios Thoma , Vassilis Vassiliades , Loizos Michael

Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence aims to combine neural architectures with symbolic approaches that can represent knowledge in a human-interpretable formalism. Continual learning concerns with agents that expand their knowledge over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Luca Salvatore Lorello , Nikolaos Manginas , Marco Lippi , Stefano Melacci

General logical reasoning, defined as the ability to reason deductively on domain-agnostic tasks, continues to be a challenge for large language models (LLMs). Current LLMs fail to reason deterministically and are not interpretable. As…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Michael K. Chen