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Machine Learning compilers like TVM allow a fast and flexible deployment on embedded CPUs. This enables the use of non-standard operators, which are common in ML compression techniques. However, it is necessary to understand the limitations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Bernhard Klein , Christoph Gratl , Manfred Mücke , Holger Fröning

Collocating deep learning training tasks improves GPU utilization but risks resource contention, severe slowdowns, and out-of-memory (OOM) failures. Accurate memory estimation is essential for robust collocation, and GPU utilization…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ehsan Yousefzadeh-Asl-Miandoab , Reza Karimzadeh , Danyal Yorulmaz , Bulat Ibragimov , Pınar Tözün

Recent convolutional neural network (CNN) development continues to advance the state-of-the-art model accuracy for various applications. However, the enhanced accuracy comes at the cost of substantial memory bandwidth and storage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Hsu-Hsun Chin , Ren-Song Tsay , Hsin-I Wu

Mixed Precision Quantization (MPQ) has become an essential technique for optimizing neural network by determining the optimal bitwidth per layer. Existing MPQ methods, however, face a major hurdle: they require a computationally expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Lianbo Ma , Jianlun Ma , Yuee Zhou , Guoyang Xie , Qiang He , Zhichao Lu

To process sensor data in the Internet of Things(IoTs), embedded deep learning for 1-dimensional data is an important technique. In the past, CNNs were frequently used because they are simple to optimise for special embedded hardware such…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Chao Qian , Tianheng Ling , Gregor Schiele

Deploying deep neural networks on resource-constrained 6G edge devices demands aggressive compression with minimal accuracy loss. Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) has emerged as a leading compression approach; however, existing…

Neural networks commonly execute on hardware accelerators such as NPUs and GPUs for their size and computation overhead. These accelerators are costly and it is hard to scale their resources to handle real-time workload fluctuations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Jaemin Kim , Hongjun Um , Sungkyun Kim , Yongjun Park , Jiwon Seo

Although considerable progress has been obtained in neural network quantization for efficient inference, existing methods are not scalable to heterogeneous devices as one dedicated model needs to be trained, transmitted, and stored for one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Hai Wu , Ruifei He , Haoru Tan , Xiaojuan Qi , Kaibin Huang

Mixed-precision inference techniques reduce the memory and computational demands of Large Language Models (LLMs) by applying hybrid precision formats to model weights, activations, and KV caches. However, existing systems struggle to (i)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Li Zhang , Youhe Jiang , Guoliang He , Xin Chen , Han Lv , Qian Yao , Ningsheng Ma , Fangcheng Fu , Kai Chen

Mixed-precision quantization improves the budget--accuracy trade-off for large language models (LLMs) by allocating more bits to sensitive modules. However, automating this allocation at LLM scale faces a unique combination of constraints:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhangyang Yao , Haiyan Zhao , Haoyu Wang , Tianbo Huang , Lihua Zhang , Xu Han

Recently, there has been a growing interest in Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF), which involves predicting long-term future values by analyzing a large amount of historical time-series data to identify patterns and trends. There…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Aitian Ma , Dongsheng Luo , Mo Sha

Deploying machine learning-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) on hardware devices is challenging due to their limited computational resources, power consumption, and network connectivity. Hence, there is a significant need for robust,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Rabin Yu Acharya , Laurens Le Jeune , Nele Mentens , Fatemeh Ganji , Domenic Forte

Quantization is the key method for reducing inference latency, power and memory footprint of generative AI models. However, accuracy often degrades sharply when activations are quantized below eight bits. Recent work suggests that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Marco Federici , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Boris van Breugel , Paul Whatmough , Markus Nagel

CNNs have been shown to maintain reasonable classification accuracy when quantized to lower precisions. Quantizing to sub 8-bit activations and weights can result in accuracy falling below an acceptable threshold. Techniques exist for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Philip Colangelo , Nasibeh Nasiri , Asit Mishra , Eriko Nurvitadhi , Martin Margala , Kevin Nealis

Transformer-based models have revolutionized computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP) by achieving state-of-the-art performance across a range of benchmarks. However, nonlinear operations in models significantly contribute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Zhixiong Zhao , Haomin Li , Fangxin Liu , Yuncheng Lu , Zongwu Wang , Tao Yang , Li Jiang , Haibing Guan

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices enhances privacy but faces performance hurdles due to limited resources. We introduce a systematic methodology to evaluate on-device LLMs, balancing capability, efficiency, and resource…

Quantum kernels offer a valid procedure for learning quantum phase transitions on quantum processing devices, yet issues on the scalability of the learning strategy in connection with the symmetry of the critical model have not been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Aaqib Ali , Giovanni Scala , Cosmo Lupo , Antonio Mandarino

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce memory footprint, inference latency, and power consumption of deep learning models. However, existing quantization methods suffer from accuracy degradation compared to full-precision (FP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Zheng Wang , Juncheng B Li , Shuhui Qu , Florian Metze , Emma Strubell

Mixed-precision quantization (MPQ) is crucial for deploying deep neural networks on resource-constrained devices, but finding the optimal bit-width for each layer represents a complex combinatorial optimization problem. Current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Mehmet Emre Akbulut , Hazem Hesham Yousef Shalby , Fabrizio Pittorino , Manuel Roveri

The deployment of Quantized Neural Networks (QNN) on advanced microcontrollers requires optimized software to exploit digital signal processing (DSP) extensions of modern instruction set architectures (ISA). As such, recent research…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Nazareno Bruschi , Angelo Garofalo , Francesco Conti , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Davide Rossi