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Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across a wide range of language tasks. However, their reasoning process is primarily guided by statistical patterns in training data, which limits their ability to handle novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Hong Su

While existing benchmarks probe the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) across diverse domains, they predominantly assess passive reasoning, providing models with all the information needed to reach a solution. By contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zhanke Zhou , Xiao Feng , Zhaocheng Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Sanmi Koyejo , Bo Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in information acquisition. However, their overreliance on potentially flawed parametric knowledge leads to hallucinations and inaccuracies, particularly when handling long-tail,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Kaize Shi , Xueyao Sun , Qing Li , Guandong Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling long texts and have almost perfect performance in traditional retrieval tasks. However, their performance significantly degrades when it comes to numerical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Yijiong Yu

The rapid increase in textual information means we need more efficient methods to sift through, organize, and understand it all. While retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) models excel in accessing information from large document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Seiji Maekawa , Hayate Iso , Nikita Bhutani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have fundamentally reshaped Argument Mining (AM), shifting it from a pipeline of supervised, task-specific classifiers to a spectrum of prompt-driven, retrieval-augmented, and reasoning-oriented paradigms. Yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Hao Li , Viktor Schlegel , Yizheng Sun , Riza Batista-Navarro , Goran Nenadic

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in education, yet their correctness alone does not capture the quality, reliability, or pedagogical validity of their problem-solving behavior, especially in mathematics, where…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Sagnik Dakshit , Sushmita Sinha Roy

Abstract reasoning ability reflects the intelligence and generalization capacity of LLMs to extract and apply abstract rules. However, accurately measuring this ability remains challenging: existing benchmarks either rely on expensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qingchuan Ma , Yuexiao Ma , Yongkang Xie , Tianyu Xie , Xiawu Zheng , Rongrong Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks but face challenges in mathematical reasoning, where complex problem-solving requires both linguistic understanding and mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Shuguang Chen , Guang Lin

Reasoning over long contexts is essential for large language models. While reinforcement learning (RL) enhances short-context reasoning by inducing "Aha" moments in chain-of-thought, the advanced thinking patterns required for long-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Siyuan Wang , Gaokai Zhang , Li Lyna Zhang , Ning Shang , Fan Yang , Dongyao Chen , Mao Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown versatility in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, including their potential as effective question-answering systems. However, to provide precise and relevant information in response to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Sriram Veturi , Saurabh Vaichal , Reshma Lal Jagadheesh , Nafis Irtiza Tripto , Nian Yan

This study is the first to investigate LLM comprehension capabilities over long-context (LC), clinically relevant medical Question Answering (QA) beyond MCQA. Our comprehensive approach considers a range of settings based on content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Feras AlMannaa , Talia Tseriotou , Jenny Chim , Maria Liakata

Large language models (LLMs) present a promising yet challenging frontier for automated source citation in scientific communication. Previous approaches to citation generation have been limited by citation ambiguity and LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Yash Saxena , Deepa Tilwani , Ali Mohammadi , Edward Raff , Amit Sheth , Srinivasan Parthasarathy , Manas Gaur

How retrieved documents are used in language models (LMs) for long-form generation task is understudied. We present two controlled studies on retrieval-augmented LM for long-form question answering (LFQA): one fixing the LM and varying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hung-Ting Chen , Fangyuan Xu , Shane Arora , Eunsol Choi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse tasks but are constrained by their small context window sizes. Various efforts have been proposed to expand the context window to accommodate even up to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Xuanfan Ni , Hengyi Cai , Xiaochi Wei , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Piji Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited an impressive capability to perform reasoning tasks, especially if they are encouraged to generate a sequence of intermediate steps. Reasoning performance can be improved by suitably combining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Soumyasundar Pal , Didier Chételat , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates

Large language models (LLMs) are capable of solving a wide range of tasks, yet they have struggled with reasoning. To address this, we propose $\textbf{Additional Logic Training (ALT)}$, which aims to enhance LLMs' reasoning capabilities by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Terufumi Morishita , Gaku Morio , Atsuki Yamaguchi , Yasuhiro Sogawa

Despite their remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often produce responses containing factual inaccuracies due to their sole reliance on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), an ad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Akari Asai , Zeqiu Wu , Yizhong Wang , Avirup Sil , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Large Language Models (LLMs), constrained by limited context windows, often face significant performance degradation when reasoning over long contexts. To address this, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) retrieves and reasons over chunks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jiani Guo , Zuchao Li , Jie Wu , Qianren Wang , Yun Li , Lefei Zhang , Hai Zhao , Yujiu Yang

Large language models (LLMs) now solve multi-step problems by emitting extended chains of thought. During the process, they often re-derive the same intermediate steps across problems, inflating token usage and latency. This saturation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Aniket Didolkar , Nicolas Ballas , Sanjeev Arora , Anirudh Goyal